1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are mentioned as true of the mating calls of frogs
EXCEPT:
A. They can reach frogs in far-off locations.
B. They are not blocked by objects of substantial size.
C. They are often combined with non-auditory signals.
D. They err be received without the frog’s needing to orient itself toward the direction of the signal.
2. The author provides information about "the visual modality" in order to
A. emphasize that visual information plays a significant part in frog breeding
B. explain why some frogs breed at night, while others breed during the day
C. indicate the resourcefulness with which frogs overcome obstacles in sound travel during the breeding process
D. argue that auditory signals have advantages over visual signals for frog reproduction
3. The word "potential" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. occasional
B. possible
C. easy
D. hidden
4.The word "favorable” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. well populated
B. distant
C. extensive
D. advantageous
5.According to paragraph 3，female frogs who listen to frog songs are trying to determine whether a future mate
A. can protect future offspring from predators
B. has an important social position within the male chorus
C. has reached an age that indicates the ability to survive environmental challenges
D. is young enough to be able to produce many offspring
6. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that female frogs are seeking mates who
A. can inhabit a variety of breeding sites
B. can occupy habitats at a distance from those of younger male frogs
C. have protected previous mates from environmental hazards
D. are likely to pass on traits that strengthen their offspring's chances of survival
7. The word "ambiguous" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. unexpected
B. unclear
C. important
D. unhelpful
8.The word "convey" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. transmit
B. add to
C. amplify
D. correct
9.Paragraph 4 implies that young frogs may call from cold areas for which of the following reasons?
A. To indicate superior strength over older males
B. To appear more attractive to females by sounding older than actually are
C. To be able to spend less energy in producing their call
D. To compete against fewer males for a female’s attention
10.In paragraph 4, why does the author mention that tree frog calling is said to be “the most energetically expensive behavior yet measured in any vertebrate"?
A. explain why it is important for tree frogs to be in top physical condition
B. To distinguish tree frogs from other species of frogs
C. To indicate that survival is more difficult for frogs than for other vertebrates
D. To emphasize how physical effort calling requires
11.It can be inferred paragraph 5 that having species specific songs benefits frogs in which of the following ways?
A. It enables frogs to better protect eggs from being damaged by members of other species.
B. It make it possible for frogs to judge their distance from potential mates.
C. It helps frogs to avoid having offspring that cannot survive and reproduce
D. It makes it possible for frogs to invest more of their energy into producing eggs.
12.According to paragraph 6, tungara frogs add a chuck sound to their call in order to
A. make themselves more attractive to females
B. keep predators at a safe distance
C. attract frogs of different species
D. increase the loudness of their calls
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