托福阅读结构化阅读
顾名思义，结构化阅读即从托福阅读结构出发，从整体着眼纵观全文，不再为小词小句伤脑，而是把握全文的框架，这样有利于形成思维预判，增强学生做题信心。
我们先来一起探寻托福阅读本身的奥秘，(如上图所示)，托福文章由初级的词汇题到总结题，信息归纳题等10 个不同的题型其实正是对应了从单词、句子、段落到篇章不同级别的难度要求，对学生的能力要求也是逐级递增的。学习了托福阅读本身的出题特点后可以鲜明的推断出其结构性强，学术型强的特点。结构化的文章凸显了可预测的特点，而学术表达的需求正是通过文章结构衍生出的。结合 TPO 阅读真题对比分析后大致可以将托福阅读文章分成六大基本类别：研究描述类、研究叙述类、对比类、现象解释类、问题解决类以及观点论证类。具体的 TPO 对应分类如下：
① 研究描述：研究对象 → 方面1 / 方面2
TPO 09 - Reflection in Teaching
TPO 11 - Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
TPO 14 - Children and Advertising
TPO 15 - A Warm Blooded Turtle
TPO 22 - Spartina
TPO 26 - Energy and the Industrial Revolution
TPO 29 - Characteristics of Roman Pottery
TPO 30 - Role of Play in Development
TPO 33 - Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth Century
TPO 43 - The Empire of Alexander the Great
TPO 45 - Wind pollination
TPO 47 - Roman Cultural Influence on Britain
② 研究叙述：研究对象 阶段1 → 阶段2
TPO 02 - Early Cinema
TPO 06 - Powering the Industrial Revolution
TPO 09 - The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii
TPO 12 - Transition to Sound in Film
TPO 16 - Development of the Periodic Table
TPO 19 - Succession Climax and Ecosystems
TPO 29 - The History of Waterpower
TPO 34 - Islamic Art and the Book
TPO 34 - The Development of Steam Power
TPO 40 - Ancient Athens
TPO 46 - The Origins of Writing
③ 对比分类：研究对象 → 分类1 / 分类2
TPO 04 - Deer Populations of the Puget Sound
TPO 07 - Ancient Rome and Greece
TPO 12 - Water in the Desert
TPO 13 - Types of Social Groups
TPO 16 - Planets in Our Solar System
TPO 17 - Animal Signals in the Rain Forest
TPO 17 - Symbiotic Relationships
TPO 20 - Fossil Preservation
TPO 28 - Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes
TPO 32 - Plant Colonization
TPO 42 - Callisto and Ganymede
TPO 45 - Feeding Strategies in the Ocean
④ 现象解释：研究对象 → 解释1 / 解释2
TPO 02 - Desert Formation
TPO 05 - The Cambrian Explosion
TPO 06 - Infantile Amnesia
TPO 08 - The Rise of Teotihuacán
TPO 10 - Variations in the Climate
TPO 10 - Seventeenth - Century European Economic Growth
TPO 18 - Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia
TPO 18 - Lightning
TPO 20 - Westward Migration
TPO 21 - Autobiographical Memory
TPO 24 - Moving into Pueblos
TPO 29 – Competition
TPO 31 - Savanna Formation
TPO 32 - Siam 1851–1910
TPO 40 - Latitude and Biodiversity
TPO 42 - Explaining Dinosaur Extinction
TPO 48 - Chinese Population Growth
TPO 48 - Climate and Urban Development
⑤ 问题解决：解决困难 → 方法1 / 方法2
TPO 04 - Petroleum Resources
TPO 13 - Methods of Studying Infant Perception
⑥ 观点论证：观点看法 → 证据1 / 证据2
TPO 01 - The Origins of Theater
TPO 02 - The Origins of Cetaceans
TPO 07 - The Geologic History of the Mediterranean
TPO 09 - Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast
TPO 11 - Begging by Nestlings
TPO 11 - Orientation and Navigation
TPO 12 - Which Hand Did They Use
TPO 14 - Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia
TPO 15 - Mass Extinctions
TPO 21 - The Origins of Agriculture
TPO 26 - Sumer and the First Cities of the Ancient Near East
TPO 31 - Speciation in Geographically Isolated Populations
TPO 34 - Protection of Plants by Insects
TPO 41 - Trade and Early State Formation
TPO 43 - The Origin of Petroleum
TPO 46 - Ecosystem Diversity and Stability
以上就是小编整理的精彩内容希望可以帮助托福考生，更多精彩内容尽在，预祝托福考生取得理想成绩!