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那TPO中Tundra究竟是什么鬼?我们来看看《National Geographic》怎么说的!
Tundras are among Earth's coldest, harshest biomes. Tundra ecosystems are treeless regions found in the Arctic and on the tops of mountains, where the climate is cold and windy and rainfall is scant. Tundra lands are snow-covered for much of the year, until summer brings a burst of wildflowers.
苔原是地球上最严寒,最严酷的生物群落。常见于气候严寒，多风且降雨不足的北极或山顶地区。苔原土地长年白雪覆盖，直到夏日野花迸放。
The Arctic tundra, where the average temperature is 10 to 20 degrees Fahrenheit (-12 to -6 degrees Celsius), supports a variety of animal species, including Arctic foxes, polar bears, gray wolves, caribou, snow geese and musk-oxen. The summer growing season is just 50 to 60 days, when the sun shines 24 hours a day.
北极苔原,平均温度10到20华氏度(-12 - 6摄氏度),多种多样的生物仰赖于此,包括北极狐,北极熊,灰狼,驯鹿,雪雁和牛等。夏季生长时间仅为50至60天，日照时长为24小时。
The few plants and animals that live in the harsh conditions of the tundra are essentially clinging to life. They are highly vulnerable to environmental stresses like reduced snow cover and warmer temperatures brought on by global warming.
少数能扛过冻原艰苦环境动植物，却受到全球变暖极大影响，例如冰川减少、温度上升。
The Arctic tundra is changing dramatically due to global warming. Already, more southern animals like the red fox have moved onto the tundra. The red fox is now competing with the Arctic fox for food and territory, and the long-term impact on the sensitive Arctic fox is unknown.
全球变暖导致北极苔原改变剧烈。许多红狐类南方动物移居至苔原，，目前对北极狐长期影响还不为人所知
It is the Arctic's permafrost that is the foundation for much of the region's unique ecosystem, and it is the permafrost that is deteriorating with the warmer global climate. Permafrost is a layer of frozen soil and dead plants that extends some 1,476 feet (450 meters) under the surface. In much of the Arctic it is frozen year round. In the southern regions of the Arctic, the surface layer above the permafrost melts during the summer and this forms bogs and shallow lakes that invite an explosion of animal life. Insects swarm around the bogs, and millions of migrating birds come to feed on them.
在苔原地区，最独特的生态系统是北极永冻层，但其却随着全球变暖而退化。永冻层是延伸地下1476尺(450米)的一层冻土及植物尸骸混合层。北极圈全年冰封，但是在其南部，夏季冻土融化，形成浅水河沼，许多迁徙候鸟等动植物栖息于此。
With global warming, the fall freeze comes later and more of the permafrost is melting in the southern Arctic. Shrubs and spruce that previously couldn't take root on the permafrost now dot the landscape, potentially altering the habitat of the native animals.
随着全球变暖，秋冻延期，北极南部冻土融化。此前无法植根于冻土的灌木和云杉也星星点点的开始生存于该地区，逐渐地改变了当地动物的生存环境。
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