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Navajo Art
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The Navajo, a Native American people living in the southwestern United States, live in small scattered settlements. In many respects, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, their life is like that of other groups that contribute to the diverse social fabric of North American culture in the twenty-first century. At the same time, they have retained some traditional cultural practices that are associated with particular art forms. For example, the most important traditional Navajo rituals include the production of large floor paintings. These are actually made by pouring thin, finely controlled streams of colored sands or pulverized vegetable and mineral substances, pollen, and flowers in precise patterns on the ground. The largest of these paintings may be up to 5.5 meters in diameter and cover the entire floor of a room. Working from the inside of the design outward, the Navajo artist and his assistants will sift the black, white, bluish-gray, orange, and red materials through their fingers to create the finely detailed imagery. The paintings and chants used in the ceremonies are directed by well-trained artists and singers who enlist the aid of spirits who are impersonated by masked performers. The twenty-four known Navajo chants can be represented by up to 500 sand paintings. These complex paintings serve as memory aids to guide the singers during the performance of the ritual songs, which can last up to nine days.
1. The word “precise”is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. colorful
B. exact
C. delicate
D. complex
答案：B
解析：Precise, 精确的，明确的。
Colorful, 富有色彩的。Exact,准确的，精确的。Delicate, 微妙的，精美的，易碎的。Complex, 复杂的，合成的。所以选项B正确。
2. The word “enlist" in the passage is closest in meaning to 【词汇题】
A. assist
B. require
C. describe
D. recruit
答案：D
解析：Enlist, 使入伍，征募。
Assist, 帮助，促进。Require, 要求，命令。Describe, 描述，形容。Recruit, 聘用，征募。所以D选项正确。
3. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the Navajo ritual chants?【推理题】
A. There is a large number of them.
B. Each of them corresponds to a particular sand painting.
C. They are difficult to remember.
D. They do not take long to perform
答案：C
解析：根据原文“The twenty-four known Navajo chants can be represented by up to 500 sand paintings.”可看出，一共只有24首纳瓦霍人圣歌，数量并不是很多，所以A选项错误。原文说这24首圣歌可以被多达500幅沙画所描绘表现出来，但是并没有说每首圣歌都分别对应一幅沙画，因此B选项错误。第一段最后一句话说“which can last up to nine days.”可看出整个表演时间会长达九天，而D选项说表演时间并不长，因此D选项错误。所以C选项正确。
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