为了帮助大家高效备考
听力非经典加试渐渐已成常态，并且题目也越考越细，且新题旧题混合各种大杂烩~
(嘤嘤嘤，好不容易熟悉了经典加试…)
ETS拼了命花样百出目的只有两个其一证明IBT确实是I(wo)B(bian)T(tai)，但最重要是要向我们传递“听得懂才是王道”，所以小伙伴们能力提升才是我们日常学习以及下功夫的重点!语言学习，没有捷径!!!只有正确的方法+努力的态度+实际的行动，这样才能真正实现托福100+。
托福听力中天文以及地理学科难倒了一片学生，其实本身内容并不难，但是让许多充满艺术情怀小伙伴们着实犯了难，“You know,actually, NOT interested…”，BUT 这你必须要克服，plus通过学习托福听力，会让你变得博学!上知天文，下知地理 ~ 首先，咱们先积累单词!
欣欣老师经常说，单词积累不仅需要重复，更需要结合语篇学习如何使用，今天分享的一篇SSS的语料，恰巧天文地质词汇都有涉及，有意向冲击25+小伙伴们马上来泛听挑战一下。
Climate Cycles Could Have Carved Canyonson Mars
The surface of Mars is etched with(蚀刻) ancient river valleys(河谷) and lake basins(湖泊盆地). Which makes researchers think thatliquid water once flowed on the Red Planet. But how? Today, Mars is too coldfor much, if any, liquid water to exist. And 3.8 billion years ago, when theflowing water features(特点) formed, the sun was fainter(模糊) than it is today, making it even harderto imagine a balmy(温和的) Martian climate. That’s why manyresearchers think Mars may have gone in and out of deep freezes.
“The real questions have been: for howlong was it warm, and what was the mechanism(原理、机制) for warming it up.”
James Kasting, a geologist at Penn StateUniversity. He shared his take on the problem at the December meeting of the AmericanGeophysical Union in San Francisco, and in the journal Earth and PlanetaryScience Letters.
Some researchers have suggested thatearly Mars only thawed out(解冻) when large asteroidimpacts(小行星撞击) or volcaniceruptions(火山爆发) temporarily warmed the planet. ButKasting and others think warm windows from such dramatic events would have beentoo brief to carve(塑造) the vast canyons(峡谷) that exist on Mars. Now, Kasting andhis colleagues have come up with an alternative explanation: they think Marsmay have experienced a series of climate cycles(气候变化周期) caused by changes in the strength ofthe greenhouse effect(温室效应).
The idea goes like this: when Mars wascold and frozen, volcanoes continued to belch out(喷出) the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide andhydrogen into the atmosphere. There, the gas blanket(气体覆盖层) trapped heat and warmed the planet upuntil liquid water began to flow, forming Mars’ rivers and lakes. However, warmtemperatures and abundant water would also have sped up certain chemicalreactions that consumed carbon dioxide, reducing the greenhouse effect andcooling the planet back down again. Then the cycle would repeat.
“Which is similar to what the impactpeople have been arguing, except that when it gets warm, it can stay warm formillions of years instead of thousands of years.”
So far, Kasting’s team has only shownthat such an explanation is possible, according to climate models. But theresearchers say NASA’s Curiosity rover and other future Mars missions(任务)could helptest the idea by looking for evidence of multiple warm events, and theirdurations. Perhaps, hidden in the dry Martian dust lie clues to a surprisinglysoggy past.
小伙伴们平时精听泛听，加强能力才是王道!
所以，今天写作业了吗???!!!
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