我们都知道
对于如此重要的细节题，我们除了学会“正向”了解做题方法之外，更应该掌握ETS官方通常是如何设置错误选项的，了解这一点将非常有助于我们缩短解题时间，提高正确率。而在这其中最常见的“设错”套路便是“虚假比较”。
首先在提到比较关系时，最常见的莫过于A)同级比较关系：as…as… , same, similar, resemblance,;B) 表示比较级的关系：more… than…; -er… than; less…than…; decrease, increase 等词。
而虚假比较在设置迷惑选项时经常体现在两个方面：
1. 偷梁换柱：原文中有比较关系，但是选项中会在保证比较双方不变的情况下，把比较关系改变。
例如： Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today’s. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, keeping it relatively constant.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate?
A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold.
B. Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes.
C. The climate was very similar to today’s climate.
D. The climate did not change dramatically from season to season
这个仍然是一道非常典型的细节题，问的是白垩纪晚期的气候哪个是正确的?在选项设置中C选项中有similar 这个是表示同级比较关系的词，比较的双方分别是白垩纪晚期的气候和今天的气候，用today’s climate定位，我们会在第一句话末尾找到，原文中的比较双方仍然是两种气候，只不过比较关系变成了milder，变成了比较级的形式，那么这个选项就属于我们所说的第二种情况“偷梁换柱”所以该选项是错误的;但是在这里其实有很多的童鞋并不觉得这个选项是错误的，他们的观点是：相似并不意味着完全一样，所以milder并不能驳斥similar。针对这种想法，请大家一定要搞清楚ETS官方的立场是similar就是想强调相似，而比较级就是想强调不同，所以如果选项中出现了跟原文不一样的比较级别的话，那么该选项就一定是错误的。
2. 无中生有：即原文中没有比较关系，选项中虚构比较
例如：Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington state in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River.
According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the white-tailed deer of Puget Sound?
A. It is native to lowlands and marshes.
B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer.
C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie.
D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied.
本题属于典型的细节题，问的是关于白尾鹿的说法哪个是正确的?在本题的选项设置当中， B选项中尤为明显的出现了more…than…比较级的现象，比较的双方是白尾鹿和长耳鹿之间的关系以及白尾鹿和其他种类的鹿之间的关系哪个更近的问题，而我们根据mule deer 定位至第二句话，发现并未说明mule deer 和白尾鹿之间的关系，也没有谈到两种关系之间的比较，因此本选项属于“虚假比较”中的“无中生有”，所以判断B选项是错误的。
“虚假比较”是细节题中非常常见的设错套路，童鞋们如果在选项中看到了表示比较关系的词，那么一定要高度警惕，不要被ETS官方给套路进去哦。