托福阅读满分技巧:怎么推断陌生单词?

2022-06-09 08:05:47

  技巧:怎么推断陌生单词?在托福阅读中最担心的就是遇到陌生单词,虽然这都是正常现象,但是我们如何能攻破陌生单词,使文章更加通顺易懂呢?

  一、代入文中来推断

  不论遇到什么情况,把四个选项带入到原文中看是否语义通顺符合逻辑。是个正确率比较高的方法。我们来看个例题。

  the deserts, which already occupy approximately a forth of theearth's land surface, have in recent decades been increasingly at an alarmingpace. the expansion of desert--like conditions into areas where they did not previously exist is called desertification. it has been estimated that anadditional one-fourth of the earth's land surface is threatened by this process。

  the word threatened in the passage is closet in meaning to ----

  A、restricted B、endangered C、prevented D、rejected

  这道题目问的是threatened这个单词的意思。大部分背了单词的同学都知道是威胁的意思,很容易的就可以选择b答案。但是如果你不认识这个单词呢,我们来看下单词所在这个句子,“估计另外的四分之一的土地被这种进程所-------。”那么这个进程讲的就是前面所提到的沙漠化的进程。我们来看下四个选项,A受限制的, B被威胁的,C被阻止的,D被拒绝的。把这四个单词带入的话,我们得出b 被威胁的这个选项是最合适的。

  二、利用文中线索猜测

  1、根据同义、反义关系猜词

  如果该词前或后出现的内容提示它们是反义关系。(表示相反概念的词语如下rather than,instead,unlike,contrast,on the contrary.)

  the main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a highvalue on hard work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother's valuesinstead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity

  the word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __

  A、refuses to accept B、lives up to C、tries to understand D、makes the best of

  假如repudiates我们不认识,从后面的小词 instead 这个词判定儿子和妈妈价值观念是相反的,由此信息看四个选项,你会发现只有A选项带有否定的意味。

  2、根据句意或段落文章的上、下文猜测

  (1)后面的和此词为并列关系。(并列关系词如下:and not only ..but also as…as and both … andeither… or neither… nor.)

  那就讲的一个意思的,你懂的。

  (2)后面的句子或短词单词在解释前面的词。(常见的标志词:contribute to,be responsible for,account for,since ,therefore ,for,because,in which等)

  his big break came with the novel so big(1924) ,which wasawarded the pulitzer in literature.

  the word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___

  A、rupture B、revelation C、opportunity D、rest

  which was awarded the pulitzer in literature告诉我们一定考查的是正态度,所以答案不可能是AD,所以应该选C、opportunity 是一种有利的状态或合适的时机。

  三、利用构词法推断

  1、利用合成词猜测

  Family members take turns choosing aspecial activity for the evening, and everyone partakes in for fun.

  解析:根据短语构成及上下文意思看,此处partakes in相当于takes part in。再如break out-outbreak(名词爆发),set out-outset(名词起始),come in-income(名词收入) 。

  2、用前、后缀猜测词义

  英语中的前缀、后缀构词颇多,且特定的缀往往表示特定的含义,把握住这一点,可起到以不变应万变的效果。

  举个例子:

  He had been overworking and fellill at last.

  解析:overwork是由前缀over-加动词构成,over有“超过、过于”之意,overwork意思是“工作过多,劳累过度”。再如,overburden负担过重,overcharge要价过高,overdo做得过分。

  常见前缀还有:

  mis-错误:misfortune不幸;mislead误导;mismanage处理不当

:midnight半夜;midway半路

  under-低于:underdone半生不熟的;underestimate低估

  anti-反对:antibody抗体;anticyclone反气旋;antifreeze防冻剂

  下面划线单词为常见后缀派生词:

  You must stop dreaming andface reality.(-ty为名词的标志)

  The country is tryingto popularize education. (-ize为及物动词的标志,再如realize, modernize)

  3、利用词性来推断

  比如,是形容词修饰名词关系;动宾关系,看看宾语能否受动词支配,或从动词短语搭配去判定等。总体说单词的词性、发出者(是人,是物),保持一致的最对。

  In the past,whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting andpilingstone upon. Some of the world’s finest stonearchitecturecan be seen in theruins of the ancient Inca city of Machu Picchu high in theeastern Andes Mountains of Peru.

  The word “arduous” in the passage is closest inmeaning to

  A、Difficult B、Necessary C、Skilled D、Shared

  猜词是保证不了完全准了,根据意思,这道题排除BD,剩下AC很是纠结,但是看task本身,skilled task这种说法小奇怪,一般是skilled workers,所以选A。

  从ETS出题的角度考虑,一般从前后能推断出来的,四个选项可能意思都不同,自己理解着选即可。

  如果在托福阅读中遇到特别陌生及专业的名词,那么建议同学们不要去纠结其真正意思,重在理解问题的内容。

  托福阅读满分技巧:怎么推断陌生单词?现在同学们了解清楚了吗?如有不懂的地方请咨询网的在线老师啊~大家一起加油争取一举拿下


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