1. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of transgenic plants that produce the protein Bt?
A. They are resistant to certain herbicides.
B. They grow best in the United States.
C. They were treated with the chemicals glyphosate.
D. They are resistant to destruction by insects.
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答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题根据题干给出的两个关键词transgenic plants和protein Bt定位到原文中的第一段，第一段里出题点在这半句话：they contain an insect-resistant gene that produces a protein called Bt toxin。这半句话的意思是含有Bt蛋白质基因的植物可以抵抗害虫。选项D符合。选项A说它们可以抵抗除草剂，选项B说它们在美国生长地最好，选项C说它们被施加了一种农药草甘膦，都不符合原文意思。选择D。
2. According to paragraph 2, supporters claim that producing transgenic plants enables farmers to
A. increase crop production by up to 21 percent
B. use fewer and less toxic chemicals
C. control weeds without the use of glyphosate
D. take advantage of more effective herbicides
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答案：
B选项正确
解析：
本题根据题干给的关键词enable farmers定位到这一句：On the positive side, proponents of transgenic crops argue that these crops are environmentally friendly because they allow farmers to use fewer and less noxious chemicals for crop production. 本句的大体意思是：转基因作物的支持者说这些植物是环境友好的，因为它们可以让使用的农药量变少。选项B是正确的同义转述。选项A说可以增加产量，选项C说可以不用草甘膦控制野草，选项D说可以利用更有效果的除草剂，都不符合原文。选择B。
3. The word "persistent" in the passage in closest in meaning to
A. harmful
B. long lasting
C. expensive
D. hard to control
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答案：
B选项正确
解析：
本题根据所考察的词汇定位到原文中这一句：In addition, when glyphosate is used to control weeds, other, more persistent herbicides do not need to be applied. 本句的大意是：另外，草甘膦被用于控制杂草时，其他的更加效果持久的除草剂就不需要再用了。persistent的意思是长时间的。选项A是有害的，选项B是长期的持久的，选项C是贵的，选项D是难以控制的。选项B最贴合persistent的意思，选择B。
4. Which of the following can be inferred about monarch caterpillars from paragraph 3?
A. They often cause damage to corn crops.
B. They are the only species that is immune to Bt toxin.
C. They are considered beneficial insects.
D. Their reactions to Bt pollen have not yet been studied.
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答案：
C选项正确
解析：
本题根据题干所给关键词monarch caterpillar进行定位，找到原文中这一句：For example, monarch caterpillars feeding on milkweed plants near Bt cornfields will eat some com pollen that has fallen on the milkweed leaves. for example告诉我们monarch caterpillar是作为例子去证实前一句所说的Bt plants have on nontarget organisms such as beneficial insects, worms, and birds that consume the genetically engineered crop的。所以monarch caterpillar在这里是作为有益处昆虫出现的，选项C符合。其余三个选项原文中都没有提到。选择C。
5. What conclusion does the author make in paragraph 3 about the effect of Bt plants on notarget organisms?
A. Bt toxins do not affect nontarget organisms because the toxins only harm pests that eat the leaves, stems, or fruit of the plants.
B. Bt plants have been shown in field studies to cause great harm to nontarget organisms.
C. Bt plants do not cause as much harm to nontarget species as the use of conventional pesticides.
D. Even if Bt toxins do not affect the insects that feed on the plants, they have harmful effects on birds that eat these insects.
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答案：
C选项正确
解析：
本题的出题点在第五段最后两句：However, field tests indicate that Bt corn is not likely to harm monarchs. Furthermore, the application of pesticides (the alternative to growing Bt plants) has been demonstrated to cause widespread harm to nontarget insects. 这两句对比说明Bt作物不会伤害毛毛虫，但是杀虫剂的使用是会伤害它们这种非靶向物种的。选项C说Bt植物对非靶向物种的伤害比杀虫剂小，正确。选项A说Bt物质不会伤害非靶向物种，错误，只是伤害比杀虫剂小而已;选项B说Bt物质杀伤力非常大，错误，其实并不大;选项D说即使Bt物质不伤害以这种作物为食的昆虫，但是会伤害鸟类，错误。选择C。
6. The word "perpetuated" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. continued
B. reproduced
C. observed
D. spread
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答案：
A选项正确
解析：
本题根据所考察的单词定位到这一句：If the crop plants hybridize and reproduce with weedy relatives, then this herbicide-resistant gene will be perpetuated in the offspring. 本句大致意思是：如果农作物与杂草杂交，然后这种抗除草剂的基因就会一直保存在后代身上。perpetuate的意思是不朽，长存。选项A是持续的，选项B是再生产的，选项C是观察的，选项D是传播的。选项A最贴合perpetuate的意思。选择A。
7. The word "scenario" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. effect
B. problem
C. resistance
D. situation
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答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题根据所考察的单词定位到这一句：This scenario is not likely to occur in many instances because there are no weedy relatives growing near the crop plant. 本句大致意思是：这种情况不容易广泛发生，因为在这种作物周围一般是没有杂草存在的。scenario的意思是情景，场景，情况。选项A的意思是影响，选项B的意思是问题，选项C的意思是阻力，选项D的意思是场景。选项D最符合scenario的意思，选择D。
8. Why does the author mention "mustard weed species" in the discussion of plants that hybridize?
A. To give an example of a weed that may become resistant to glyphosate due to hybridizing with a transgenic plant.
B. To argue that creating transgenic plants in the laboratory is not always necessary, as some can be created through hybridizing in the fields.
C. To provide evidence that competition from related species of plants can be a serious problem for transgenic plants.
D. To support the claim that it is difficult to determine whether or not a crop plant has been planted a safe distance from weedy relatives.
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答案：
A选项正确
解析：
本题题干给的关键词是mustard weed species和hybridize，带着关键词回溯原文，找到这里：For example, canola readily hybridizes with mustard weed species and could transfer its herbicide-resistant genes to those weeds. 结合前文，本句的大意是：例如canola这种作物就可以与mustard这种杂草杂交，把它的抗除草剂基因传给这种杂草。所以作者在这里的意思是举例杂交可以使得杂草具有抗除草剂的基因。选项A正确。选项B说为了论证没必要创造转基因作物，选项C说为了证明相关物种和转基因作物的竞争很重要，选项D说为了支持很难把作物和杂草隔开一段安全距离种植，都是不合原文意思的。选择A。
9. Paragraph 5 makes all of the following claims about Bt resistance in insect populations EXCEPT:
A. Regular use of Bt pesticides has not created resistant insect populations, so the use of Bt plants is probably safe as well.
B. The evolution of Bt-resistant insect populations will happen eventually if use of transgenic plants becomes widespread.
C. Because Bt plants are toxic at all times and in all tissues, they allow only Bt- resistant insects to survive and reproduce.
D. Planting nontransgenic plants alongside Bt plants may help Bt-susceptible insects to remain part of the population.
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答案：
A选项正确
解析：
本题的出题点分布在整个第五段。选项A涉及到Bt杀虫剂不会导致昆虫产生抗性，所以具有Bt基因的作物的使用是安全的，不对，Bt基因作物的使用是有风险的，整段都在讲这种作物使昆虫产生抗药性的事情;选项B涉及到We know that evolution will occur when transgenic plants grown on a large scale over a period of time，是这句话的同义转述，正确;选项C是涉及到However, transgenic Bt plants express the toxin in all tissues throughout growing season. Therefore, all insects carrying genes that make them susceptible to the toxin will die.Bt基因的作物会杀死除了带有抗性基因的所有昆虫，正确;选项D 依据for example, planting nontransgenic border rows to provide a refuge for susceptible insects，种植不带转基因的作物使解决办法之一，正确。选择A。
10. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
A. The transgenic crop plants currently in use are probably far behind the transgenic plants of the future in terms of their sustainability.
B. Farmers who use transgenic crop plants are heading toward practices that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run.
C. Transgenic crop plants may be used in place of other, more sustainable agricultural practices, and this is perhaps their biggest disadvantage.
D. Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is the possibility that they may not be sustainable over the long run.
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答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题根据所考察的单词定位到这一句：Perhaps the most serious concern about the transgenic crop plants currently in use is that they encourage farmers to move farther away from sustainable agricultural farming practices, meaning ones that allow natural resources to continually regenerate over the long run. 这句话的大体意思是：也许转基因作物带来的最严重问题是，它让农民开始放弃可持续性的耕作方式，放弃了那种可以让自然资源在长期自己再生的那种耕作方式。选项D是本句的同义转述。选项A说现在用的转基因作物比将来的可持续性差，原文中没有提到;选项B说农民将要进行可持续的耕作活动，意思与这句话相悖;选项C说转基因作物可以被用在更有持续性的地方，原文中没有提及。选择D。
11. According to paragraph 6, a sustainable approach to weed and pest control includes all of the following EXCEPT
A. watching the fields closely to determine when weeds or pests are actually a problem
B. applying pesticides unless or until pesticides are needed
C. using only one type of herbicide throughout the growing season
D. planting nontransgenic crops
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答案：
C选项正确
解析：
本题的选择依据集中在第六段后半部分。选项A的依据是monitor the fields throughout the growing season，即全程监控作物生长情况;选项B的依据是then apply a pesticide only if and when needed，即只在需要的时候使用杀虫剂;选项D的依据是A more sustainable approach would be to plant nontransgenic corn，耕作无转基因的作物。选项C说的一个耕作季节只用一种杀虫剂，根据前文我们知道这样很容易让昆虫剩下全是抗性的昆虫，错误。选择C。
12. The word "superficially" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. in the opinion of experts
B. at the present moment
C. when done properly
D. without deeper analysis
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答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题根据所考察的单词定位到这一句：Transgenics, at least superficially, simplify farming by reducing the choices made by the manager. 本句的大意是：转基因，最起码在表面上通过减少管理者的可选项而简化了耕作过程(本句意思较抽象，具体而言是：选择了具有哪种农药抗性的作物，使用的农药种类就固定了，只能用作物具有抗性的那一种，因此农民不需要再在多种农药中选择了)。superficially的意思是表面上。选项A是根据专家意见，选项B是在当前，选项C是当恰当地做以后，选项D是没有更深的分析。选项D最贴合superficially的意思，选择D。
13. Look at the four squares [■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
It is especially rare in the United States, where most transgenic plants are grown, because most of the crops grown in the United States originated elsewhere.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Click on a square [■] to insert the sentence in the passage.
答案：
D选项正确
解析：
本题需要先分析需要插入的句子：It is especially rare in the United States, where most transgenic plants are grown, because most of the crops grown in the United States originated elsewhere. 本句开头的especially暗示了前文应该说到了一个比较广泛的事情，这一句接着细化，继续说明。带着这个预设我们去一一尝试四个可插入位置，发现最后一个合适。它前面一句讲的是这种情况不大可能发生，需要插入句子接着说明在美国这种情况很少见，后面一句转折说明但是某些情况下，这个问题会变得严重。三句话逻辑链条合理而且完整。选择D。
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in summary because the express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. The Question is worth 2 points
Transgenic plants include genes from other organisms that make them resistant to glyphosate or toxic to insects.
Answers Choices
A. Proponents of transgenic plants argue that they reduce the use of harmful pesticides and allow the use of more environmentally friendly herbicides.
B. Use of transgenic plants may lead farmers to neglect more sustainable agricultural practices, and may also cause harm to nontarget organisms.
C. Over the long term, transgenic plants are likely to lose their glyphosate resistance through evolution and hybridization with nonresistant relatives.
D. Opponents of transgenic plants worry that resistance to glyphosate may spread to weeds and that resistance to Bt toxin may develop among insect pests.
E. One argument against Bt plants is that some of the most harmful pests are not Bt susceptible, making application of supplementary pesticides necessary.
F. Many of the problems identified with transgenic plants today will likely disappear as scientists design transgenic plants that are more ecologically friendly.
Drag your answer choices to the space where they belong. To remove an answer choice, double click on it.
答案：
ABD选项正确
解析：
本题需要依次分析每个选项。选项A说转基因作物的支持者认为这些作物降低了有害杀虫剂的使用，并且允许使用更加环境友好的除草剂，概括了第二段的内容，正确;选项B说转基因作物的两个坏处，概括了第三段和第六段的内容，正确;选项C认为时间一长，转基因作物容易失去抗性，原文中没有提到这个，错误;选项D说转基因作物的反对者担心抗药基因传入杂草中，概括了第四段的主要内容，正确;选项E说一些最有害的害虫对于Bt物质是有抗性的，原文中没有提到，错误;选项F说很多转基因作物的问题在现在会消失，但是第六段只是提出了几种解决办法，并不能彻底解决问题，错误。综合起来选择A，B，D。
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