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1. The word "crucial" in the passage is closest in meaning to【词汇题】
A.Interesting
B.Important
C.Established
D.Understood
答案：B
解析：
crucial:至关重要的 。a是有趣的，b是重要的，c是建立的，d是理解的。综合选项，b最符合。
2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.【句子简化题】
A.In the last few centuries,the erosion of coastline created the Neolithic stone circle in Brittany,France,at the same time that it destroyed the medieval villages in Yorkshire,England.
B.Coastlines have changed even in recent times as shown by the current locations of certain Neolithic monuments and medieval villages.
C.Recent changes in the coastlines near the Neolithic stone circle of Er Lannic in Brittany,France,and the medieval villages in Yorkshire,England,suggest that ancient coastlines changed in similar ways.
D.Changes in coastlines can lead to the creation of islands such as Er Lannic in France or the total erosion of the cliffs as in Yorkshire in England,though no considerable changes have occurred in recent periods.
答案：B
解析：
提取句子主干，将括号和从句里的内容先去掉，则句子为These have changed constantly through time,even in relatively recent periods,as can be seen from the Neolithic stone circle of Er Lannic,in Brittany,France or medieval villages in east Yorkshire,England。主语these指代前一句的ancient coastlines。句子主干的大意为“海岸线始终在改变，即使在最近的时期，这一现象可以通过Neolithic stone circle和 medieval villages看出“。b选项是对原句的同义替换表达，故正确。a选项的两个谓语动作，即created和destroyed原句中均未提及。c选项说recent coastline changes和ancient coastline changes改变的方式一样，原句未提及。d选项的lead to因果关系在原句中没有体现。
3. According to paragraph 1,the city of Ephesus in western Turkey is an example of which of the following?
A.Recent changes in the shoreline that have resulted in the creation of new land.
B.Port cities that have lost shoreline due to the erosion of land.
C.The ocean's role in the formation of new land.
D.The importance of changes in shoreline to cities located inland.
答案：A
解析：题干问Ephesus in western Turkey是以下哪项的例子。通过题干的Ephesus in western Turkey定位至原文最后一句话的后半部分，由as可以看出，答案为前半句。“silts deposited by rivers sometimes push the sea farther back,creating new land”，同义改写之后即为a。
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