大家都知道
1. 否定
明显： no, not, none, neither, never, deny
隐含： fail to, absence from, lack of, refuse to, little, few
否定前缀： a-, ab-, anti-, counter-, de-, dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mal-, mis-, non-, un-…
否定后缀： -less, free-, proof-
2. 并列： and/or, like, likewise, equally, the same as, same/similar to, in the same way
both…and…, neither…nor… as well as, not only…but also…/vice versa3. 因果
明显：because, since, for, as, due to, owing to, in that, so…that…, therefore, thus,
hence.
隐含：导致：in as much as, cause, lead to, stimulate, spur, spark, push, motive,
prompt, be responsible to
由于： derive from, result from, come from, originate from, initiate from
on account of, in view of, according to, rely on, depend on
4. 条件
明显： if, unless, as long as, in case that/of
隐含： suppose/supposing that, providing/provided that, on condition that，
except when=unless
5. 比较
明显： 比较级，最高级+than
隐含： 最高意义：maximum, favorite, outstanding, top
6. 转折
明显：but, yet, however, though, although, even if, even though, while, whereas,
nevertheless, despite, in spite of, instead, in contrast, contrast to
on the contrary, different from, differ from, conversely
隐含： for all;倒装+as;even+时间(even when)但不重要
超隐含： 时间，空间，事物对比
以上是托福阅读中常见的逻辑关系，如果同学们掌握了