76.A few art collectors Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens
and Hamiltons of Philadelphia introduced European art traditions to those colonists privileged to
visit their galleries，especially aspiring artists.and established in their respective communities the
idea of the value of art and the need for institutions devoted to its encouragement.
(A few art collectors…introduced European art traditions to those colonists…and established…the
idea…and the need…为句子主干)
几个艺术收藏家，波士顿的詹姆士·鲍德温三世、弗吉尼亚的威廉·白尔德租费城的阿里昂夫
妇以及汉密尔顿夫妇将欧洲艺术传统介绍给那些被特许参观他们画廊的殖民者，尤其是有抱
负的艺术家们，并在他们各自的社区形成了艺术有价值和需要设立机构以鼓励其发展的观
念。
分析：
此长句全为主句，没有从句。整句只能找主干与修饰部分，不能分主从句
主干：art collectors introduced traditions to those colonists and established in the idea of the value
of art and the need for institutions
修饰成分：
(1) 几个人名并列：Tames Bowdoin III of Boston，William Byrd of Virginia，and the Aliens
and Hamiltons of Philadelphia
(2) 非谓语动词后缀修饰名词：privileged to visit their galleries 修饰 colonists
devoted to its encouragement 修饰 institutions
(3) 插入语 ，especially aspiring artists.
(4) 介词短语修饰谓语动词：in their respective communities 修饰 established
77.The achievements of the colonial artists，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，lent
credence to the boast that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius and that political
liberty was congenial to the development of taste——a necessary step before art could assume an
important role in the new republic.
(The achievements…lent credence to the boast that…and that…为句子主干，两个 that 引导的两
个从句都作 boast 的同位语)
这些殖民地艺术家的成就，尤其是考伯莱、韦斯特和皮尔的成就，为新国家有能
，在新的共
和国里担当重要角色之前所必须经历的一步。
解析：
主句：The achievements of the colonial artists lent credence to the boast
同位语从句 1：that the new nation was capable of encouraging genius
同位语从句 2：that political liberty was congenial to the development of taste 其中
“——“引导的从句：a necessary step before art could assume an important role in the new
republic.
修饰成分：
插入语：，particularly those of Copley，West, and Peale，
其中两个同位语从句 1 和 2 由 and 并列在一起，共同修饰主句中的宾语 boast
“——“引导的从句是用来修饰整个主句的，对其进行补充描述
插入语修饰 artists
78.The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources，made velocity of
transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial production，and carried consumer
goods to households.
(and 连接的并列句;strip…of…——剥夺…的…)
铁路同时剥夺了土地的自然资源，使运输速度和规模经济成为工业生产的必需部分，并将消
费品送到各家各户。
解析：此长句为几个并列句
并列句 1：The railroad simultaneously stripped the landscape of the natural resources，
并列句 2：made velocity of transport and economy of scale necessary parts of industrial
production，
并列句 3：carried consumer goods to households.
三个并列句用 and 相连，共同用一个主语 railroad
79.Moreover，in addition to its being a transportation pathway equipped with a mammoth
physical plant of tracks signals，crossings，bridges，and junctions，plus telegraph and telephone
lines, the railroad nurtured factory complexes，coat piles, warehouses，and generating stations，
forming along its right of way what has aptly been called “the metropolitan corridor” of the
American landscape.
(the railroad nurtured factory complexes…为句子主干;what 引导的从句作 forming 的宾语)
而且，铁路除了是装备有庞大的路轨信号厂、十字路口、桥梁、交叉点以及电报和电话线的
运输路径外，还产生了联合工厂、服装大楼、仓库和发电站，在它的沿途形成了美国风景中
被恰如其分地叫做“都市走廊”的景象。
解析：
主句：the railroad nurtured factory complexes…..
从句 1：in addition to its being a transportation pathway
修饰成分 1：equipped with a mammoth physical plant of tracks signals，crossings，bridges，and
junctions，plus telegraph and telephone lines,
修饰成分 2：forming along its right of way
从句 2：what has aptly been called “the metropolitan corridor” of the American landscape.
从句 2 修饰修饰成分 2 中的 way
修饰成分 2 修饰了主句中的宾语 factory complexes…..
修饰成分 1 修饰了从句 1
从句 1 修饰主句中的主语 the railroad
80.The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry，using the reeds，
grasses，barks，and roots they found around them to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes—not
only trays，containers，and cooking pots，but hats，boats，fish traps，baby carriers，and ceremonial
objects.
(fashion 制作)
加利福尼亚北部的美国土著人非常擅长编织工艺，他们用在周围找到的芦苇、野草、树皮和
树根来制作各种类型和大小的物件，不仅有盘子、容器和饭锅，还有帽子、小船、鱼钩、婴
儿篮和仪式用品。
分析：
主句：The Native Americans of northern California were highly skilled at basketry
从句 1：using the reeds…to fashion articles of all sorts and sizes
从句 2：they found around them
从句 3：—not only trays，containers，and cooking pots，but hats，boats，fish traps，baby carriers，
and ceremonial objects.
从句 3 修饰从句 1 中的 articles of all sorts and sizes
从句 2 修饰从句 1 中的 reeds，grasses，barks，and roots
从句 1 修饰主句整句