40.The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors was
far from a rich one，and in fact，in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans
and craftspeople.
(并列句;特殊结构 far from)
新生的美国从其殖民地时期的先辈那里继承的雕塑遗产远远谈不上丰富，而且，实际上在
1776 年雕塑作为—种艺术形式仍然掌握在手艺人和工匠的手里。
分句 1：The sculptural legacy that the new United States inherited from its colonial predecessors
分句 2：was far from a rich one
分句 3：and in fact，in 1776 sculpture as an art form was still in the hands of artisans and
craftspeople
分句 2 和 3 是整个长句子的主句
分句 1 是分句 2 的主语从句
分句 3 是 2 的并列句
1 和 2 嵌套
2 和 3 并列
41.0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired，Americans turned to foreign
sculptors，as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina，
commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt.
(句子主干是 Americans turned to foreign sculptors;两个 when 都引导定语从句：occasion
when…，1770's when…;as(in the 1770's)的意思是“正如”)
在少数情况下，当需要一件精美的雕刻品时，就像 1770 年纽约与南卡罗来纳的查尔斯顿城
委托英国人约瑟夫·威尔顿制造威廉·皮特的大理石雕像一样，美国人求助于外国人。
分句 1：0n the rare occasion when a fine piece of sculpture was desired
分句 2：Americans turned to foreign sculptors
分句 3：as in the 1770's when the cities of New York and Charleston, South Carolina，
commissioned the Englishman Joseph Wilton to make marble statues of William Pitt.
分句 2 是整个长句子的主句
分句 1 是分句 2 的定语从句
分句 3 是分句 2 的定语从句
1 和 2 嵌套
2 和 3 并列
42.Add to this the timidity with which unschooled artisans—originally trained as stonemasons，
carpenters，or cabinetmakers--attacked the medium from which they were to make their images，
and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in the late
eighteenth century.
(add to this the timidity…=add the timidity…to this 为祈使句，相当于一个条件句：if one adds to
this the timidity…)
这个再加上没有受过学校教育的艺人——他们最初是被训练为石匠、木匠或家具木工的——
对待他们要制作成雕像的媒介物的胆怯，使人更充分地了解 18 世纪晚期美国雕刻艺术的发
展。
分句 1：Add to this the timidity
分句 2：with which unschooled artisans—originally trained as stonemasons，carpenters，or
cabinetmakers--attacked the medium
分句 3：from which they were to make their images
分句 4：and one understands more fully the development of sculpture made in the United States in
the late eighteenth century.
分句 4 是整个长句子的主句
分句 1、2、3 是分句 4 的条件从句，证据意为：“把这些结合起来，你就会明白……”
分句 2 修饰 timidity，虽然这句的长度最大，信息最多，但仍然只是整句话最终结论的一个
支撑。
分句 3 是修饰 medium 的定语从句
1 和 2 嵌套
2 和 3 嵌套
123 和 4 嵌套