10.A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including
the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame and steel
wire of the finest quality，finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the
most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，from a liquid，singing tone to a
sharp, percussive brilliance.
(介词结构 from…to…作定语)
持续到 19 世纪的一系列机械上的改进，包括引入踏板以维持音调或使其柔和，改善金属框
架，以及使用最佳牲能的钢丝，最终产生了一种具备无数音调效果的乐器——这些效果涵盖
了从最精致的和声到几乎全部的管弦乐音响，从明快流畅的吟唱音调到尖锐的打击乐器的恢
弘气氛。
分句 1：A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century
分句 2：including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it
分句 3：the perfection of a metal frame and steel wire of the finest quality
分句 4：finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
分句 5：from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound，
分句 6：from a liquid，singing tone to a sharp, percussive brilliance
本句的真正的主句结构其实是由分句 1 和分句 4 构成，即 A series of mechanical improvements
continuing well into the nineteenth century finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal
effects，，分句 2 和分句 3 并列修饰说明分句 1 中的 A series of mechanical improvements，而
分句 5 和分句 6 并列，修饰说明了分句 4 中的 an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects
11.The largest later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish, rose in five terraced
stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have housed a population of 1，000 or more.
最大的一座后来被西班牙人称为 Pueblo Bonito(美丽的城镇)，是一个五层梯式楼，有 800 多
间房子，能够容纳 1 000 人以上。
分句 1：The largest rose in five terraced stories，contained more than 800 rooms，and could have
housed a population of 1，000 or more
分句 2：later named Pueblo Bonito(Pretty Town)by the Spanish
分句 1 嵌套分句 2，分句 2 用来修饰分句 1 的主语 the largest,分句 1 内部是由三个并列的谓
语构成的句子。
12.Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”，the film has
never been，in the full sense of the word, silent.
(倒装 accustomed though we are…=though we are accustomed…)
虽然我们习惯于将 1927 年以前的电影叫做“无声电影”，但是就“无声’’这个词的完整意义上
说，电影从未真正的无声过。
分句 1：Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as “silent”
分句 2：the film has never been silent
分句 3：in the full sense of the word
本句的难点是在分句 1 内部有一个倒装，正常的语序应该是 though we are accustomed to
speaking of the films made before 1927 as silent.分句 3 是一个插入语，嵌套在分句 2 中，所以
本句的真正强调的核心是 the film has never been silent。