2017年7月8日
地质类
真题 150613CN-P1 Early Theories of Continental Drift
2 真题 150822CN-P1 Attempts at Determining Earth’s Age
3 真题 140712CN-P2 How Soil is Formed
4 真题 140628CN-P3 Earth’s Energy Cycle
5 真题 150530CN-P1 Thermal Stratification
Thermal Stratification原文节选：
Physical characteristics of aquatic environments at different depths such as salt level, light, inorganic nutrients, degree of acidity, and pressure all play key roles in the distribution of organisms. One of the most important physical features is thermal stratification.
When solar radiation strikes water, some is reflected, but most penetrates the surface and is ultimately absorbed. Although water may appear transparent, it is much denser than air and absorbs radiation rapidly. In clear water, 99 percent of the solar radiation is absorbed inthe upper 50 to 100 meters. Longer wavelengths of light are absorbed first; the shorter wavelengths (which have more energy) penetrate farther, giving the depths their characteristic blue color.
This rapid absorption of sunlight by water has two important consequences. First, it means that photosynthesis the process by which plants use the energy of sunlight to produce the organic carbon compounds necessary for life can only occur in surface waters where the light intensity is sufficiently high. Species that produce their own organic carbon compounds are called primary producers, and they are the base of the marine food web. Virtually all of the photosynthesis that supports the rich life of oceans and lakes comes from plants living in the upper 10 to 30 meters of water. Along shores and in very shallow bodies of water, some species such as kelp are rooted to the bottom. These plants may attain considerable size and structural complexity, and may support diverse communities of organisms. In the open waters that cover much of the globe, however, the primary producers of organic carbon are tiny, often one-celled algae (called phytoplankton), which are suspended in the water. Zooplankton, tiny invertebrates that feed on phytoplankton, migrate vertically on a daily cycle: up into the surface waters at night to feed and down into the dark, deeper waters during the day to escape predatory fish that rely on light to detect prey.
经济类
真题 150131CN-P1 Effects of the Commercial Revolution
TPO10-P3 Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth
考古类
真题 140323CN-P3 Environmental Impact of the Anasazi
真题 141018CN-P3 The Collapse of the Mays
真题 150201CN-P2 The Chaco Phenomenon
科学类
TPO22-P2 The Birth of Photography
老托-P84 Early American Printing Industry
农业类
真题 140316CN-P3 Agricultural Society in Eighteenth- Century British
America
真题 140412CN-P2 Water Management in Early Agriculture
社会类
真题 150307CN-P3 Population Growth in Nineteenth-Century Europe
真题 140816CN-P1 Hunting and the Setting of Inner Eurasia
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