4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，
that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better
than fumigated grains and the like.
(并列同位语从句 reports that…，that…，that…)
关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的
谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
分句 1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports
分句 2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones
分句 3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs
分句 4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like
分句 1 是整个长句的主句，分句 2、分句 3 和分句 4 是并列关系，共同构成分句 1 的同位语
从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。
5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that reconstruction had to be undertaken
also in the North，though less spectacularly.
(同位语从句 fact that…)
南方极为严重的困境使北方同样需要开始重建(尽管不像南方那么引人注目)这一事实显得
不太重要。
分句 1. The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact
分句 2. reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North
分句 3.though less spectacularly (省略)
1 和 2 嵌套
1 和 3 并列
6·The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an
explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl.
(宾语从句 what we now know as)
现在可以获得这些环绕几乎每个大城市边缘地区的土地，这一可能性激发了一场房地产开发
的热潮并造成了我们现在称为城区无计划扩展的现象。
分句 1：The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an
explosion of real estate development and fueled
分句 2：what we now know as urban sprawl
分句 1 嵌套分句 2，即分句 1 是主句，分句 2 是宾语从句，主句结构经过精简应该是 The new
accessibility of land sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled urban sprawl。
本句的理解困难还来自于抽象词 fuel，它作为名词的含义广为人知，是能源、燃料，作为动
词的时候的意思就可以引申为促使、造成。