61.The argument that humans，even in prehistoric times，had some number sense，at least to the
extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less when some objects were added to or taken
away from a small group，seems fair.for studies have shown that some animals possess such a
sense.
(复合句，主句的主干是 the argument…seems fair，其中从句 that humans…had some number
sense 做 argument 的同位语)
人类甚至在史前已经有数字感，至少到有些物体被加到一小组里或者被拿走时能够辨别出
“多了”还是“少了”的程度，这一观点似乎很合理，因为研究已经表明有些动物就有这样的意
识。
分句 1. The argument seems fair
分句 2. humans，even in prehistoric times，had some number sense，
分句 3. at least to the extent of recognizing the concepts of more and less
分句 4. when some objects were added to or taken away from a small group
分句 5. for studies have shown that some animals possess such a sense.
1 和 5 并列
2 和 3 嵌套
3 和 4 嵌套
1 和 2 嵌套
分句 1 是前半句的主干，和分句 5 并列。分句 2 中包含一个插入结构：even in prehistoric times，
分句 3 是分句 2 的状语;分句 4 是分句 3 的定语从句;分句 2 是分句 1 的同位语从句。
62.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by humans to
the atmosphere in such quantities as to affect humans, animals，vegetation，or materials adversely.
(特殊结构 such…as to——如此…以致)
空气污染物的一个有用定义是：一种直接或间接加入到空气里的化合物，其数量足以对人类、
动物、植物或物质产生不利影响。
分句 1.A useful definition of an air pollutant is a compound added directly or indirectly by
humans to the atmosphere
分句 2.in such quantities as to affect humans, animals，vegetation，or materials adversely
1 和 2 嵌套
分句 2 是分句 1 的补语
63.The acute，growing public awareness of the social changes that had been taking place for some
time was tied to tremendous growth in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century，including
growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers.
(awareness…was tied to tremendous growth…为句子主干)
公众对一段时间内一直在发生的社会变化敏锐的、不断增强的意识，与 19 世纪晚期通俗新
闻的巨大增长(包括杂志和报纸在数量和发行量上的增长)紧密相连。
分句 1.The acute，growing public awareness of the social changes was tied to tremendous growth
in popular journalism in the late nineteenth century
分句 2. had been taking place for some time
分句 3.including growth in quantity and circulation of both magazines and newspapers
1 和 2 嵌套
1 和 3 嵌套
分句 1 是句子主干，分句 2 是分句 1 的同位语从句，分句 3including 现在分词是分句 1 中修
饰 tremendous growth 的定语。
64.A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry，a technique for obtaining
measurements through photographs，which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours
of the prints.
(被动语态)
已经使用照相测量法(一种通过照相获得测量数据的技术)对这些脚印进行了一项详细的研
究，这种方法产生了一张显示脚印所有曲线和轮廓的照片。
分句 1. A detailed study has been made of the prints using photogrammetry
分句 2. a technique for obtaining measurements through photographs
分句 3. which created a drawing showing all the curves and contours of the prints
2 和 3 并列
1 和 2，3 嵌套
1 是主干，2 和 3 都是 1 : the prints using photogrammetry 的定语：2 是插入语，3 是定语从句。
65.Footprints thus provide US not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early
hominids，but also with evidence of upright walking that in many ways is clearer than can be
obtained from the analysis of bones.
(特殊结构 not merely…but also;比较结构)
因此脚印不仅仅为我们提供早期人类软组织的稀有印记，而且为我们提供了直立行走的证
据，这些证据在许多方面比骨头分析所提供的证据更清楚。
分句 1. Footprints thus provide US not merely with rare impressions of the soft tissue of early
hominids
分句 2. but also with evidence of upright walking
分句 3. that in many ways is clearer than can be obtained from the analysis of bones
1 和 2 并列
2 和 3 嵌套
2 中省略：Footprints provide;3 是 2 的同位语从句