31.These researchers have sought to demonstrate that their work can be a valuable tool not only
of science but also of history，providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people
whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.
(宾语从句 demonstrate that…;特殊结构 otherwise)
这些研究人员已经力图证实他们的工作不仅可以成为科学而且还是历史的宝贵工具，为了解
普通人的日常生活提供崭新的观点，否则这些普通人的生存状态不可能被记载得这么好。
分句 1：These researchers have sought to demonstrate that
分句 2：their work can be a valuable tool not only of science but also of history
分句 3：providing flesh insights into the daily lives of ordinary people
分句 4：whose existences might not otherwise be so well documented.
分句 1 是整个长句子的主句
分句 2 是分句 1 的宾语从句
分句 3 是动词同位语从句，以分词形式表示伴随状态
分句 4 补充说明，是 3 的从句。
1 和 2 嵌套
1 和 3 并列
3 和 4 嵌套
32.Legend has it that sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train
carrying oxen traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a
snowstorm and had to be abandoned.
(特殊结构 Legend has it that…=There is a legend that…)
传说在内战(1861--1865)快结束的某个时候，一列载着牛群的政府的火车在穿过怀俄明州东
部的北部平原时遇到了暴风雪，因此不得不被遗弃。
分句 1：Legend has it that
分句 2：sometime toward the end of the Civil War(1861--1865)a government train carrying oxen
traveling through the northern plains of eastern Wyoming was caught in a snowstorm
分句 3：and had to be abandoned
分句 1 是整个长句子的形式主句
分句 2 是分句 1 的具体解释，也是真正的主句。这里出现了几个分词形式，如“carrying oxen”
“traveling through……”等，完全可以换成“that/which carries……”，但这里都作为修饰成分，
从简分析
分句 3 是 2 的并列
1 和 2、3 嵌套
2 和 3 并列
33.It is a lifelong process，a process that starts long before the start of school and one that should
be an integral part of one's entire life.
(并列同位语 a process that…，and one that…)
教育是一个终生的过程，早在人们上学之前就开始了。它应成为人的一生中不可缺少的一部
分。
分句 1：It is a lifelong process， a process
分句 2：that starts long before the start of school
分句 3：and one that should be an integral part of one's entire life
分句 1 是整个长句子的形式主句
分句 2 是分句 1 的同位语从句，是对 1 的进一步解释说明
分句 3 是 2 的并列句，同为对 1 的解释说明
1 和 2、3 嵌套
2 和 3 并列
34.Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge as
was the genesis of life.
(特殊结构 as much…as;倒装 as was the genesis of life)
生命从海洋到陆地的过渡可能是一个像生命起源那样的进化挑战。
分句 1：Life's transition from the sea to the land was perhaps as much of an evolutionary challenge
分句 2：as was the genesis of life
分句 1 是整个长句子的主句，虽然这一部分很长，但主谓宾只有一套，而且顺序是正常的
分句 2 是倒装句，按正当语序相当于“the genesis of life was as……(省略)”
1 和 2 嵌套
35.In agriculture，the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators，the
cotton presses，the warehouses，and the commodity exchanges that seemed to so many of the
nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against them.
(特殊结构 marked by;定语从句 that seemed…the visible sign…)
在农业上，这一变化的标志是谷物升降机、皮棉打包机厂、货栈和商品交换的出现,对全国
的众多农民来说它们是反对农民的大阴谋的明显标志。
分句 1：In agriculture，the transformation was marked by the emergence of the grain elevators，
the cotton presses，the warehouses，and the commodity exchanges
分句 2：that seemed to so many of the nation's farmers the visible sign of a vast conspiracy against
them
分句 1 是整个长句子的主句，其中宾语部分是由几个并列短语构成的
分句 2 是分句 1 的定语从句，进一步解释了这些东西何以成为了“标志”
1 和 2 嵌套