下面是小编给大家整理的2016年11月26日
2016年11月26日下午托福阅读真题解析
词汇题：
1. insure=guarantee
2. viable=capable of succeeding
3. abrupt=sudden
4. accessible to=available to
5. essential=principle
6. suffice=be enough
7. wordless to say=obvious
8. discard=abandon
9. vacated=emptied
10. previous=unprecedented
2016年11月26日下午托福阅读真题第一篇：研究鸟类的诞生时间(生物类)
原文回顾：文章有一个年代的彩色图，介绍鸟类的祖先的观点和原有的观点不一样。并且用两种方法去确定鸟类的诞生年代，一种是用分子的方法，确定出来一个110mil之前的年代，一种是用化石的方法，确定一个86mil的年代。虽然有分歧但是都比kt和之前断定的早。这个鸟类祖先的判断和恐龙也有一定的联系。
相似TPO练习推荐：
TPO11-2: Orientation and Navigation
TPO11-3: Begging by Nestlings
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Birds (Aves), also known as avian dinosaurs, are a group of endothermic vertebrates, characterized by feathers, toothless beaked jaws, the laying of hard-shelled eggs, a high metabolic rate, a four-chambered heart, and a lightweight but strong skeleton. Birds live worldwide and range in size from the 5 cm (2 in) bee hummingbird to the 2.75 m (9 ft) ostrich. They rank as the class of tetrapod with the most living species, at approximately ten thousand, with more than half of these being passerines, sometimes known as perching birds or, less accurately, as songbirds.
The fossil record indicates that birds are the last surviving group of dinosaurs, having evolved from feathered ancestors within the tetrapod group of saurischian dinosaurs. True birds first appeared during the Cretaceous period, around 100 million years ago. DNA-based evidence finds that birds diversified dramatically around the time of the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event that killed off all other dinosaurs. Birds, especially those in the southern continents, survived this event and then migrated to other parts of the world while diversifying during periods of global cooling. Primitive bird-like dinosaurs that lie outside class Aves proper, in the broader group Avialae, have been found dating back to the mid-Jurassic period. Many of these early "stem-birds", such as Archaeopteryx, were not yet capable of fully powered flight, and many retained primitive characteristics like toothy jaws in place of beaks, and long bony tails.
2016年11月26日下午托福阅读真题第二篇：电影起源(考过的老题2016年9月10日)艺术类
原文回顾：开始主要讲了电影院，从有人建立了第一个电影院开始说电影的发展，然后说那时候电影院的特点，那时候电影都是没有声音的，只有图像，而且都是黑白的，也就是无声电影，直到后来随着科技的不断发展和进步，电影才慢慢有了声音和色彩，然后说电影院不仅让电影得到了发展变化，从无声到有声，从黑白到色彩，还对电影演员有着改变，他们会对电影演员进行包装，使得他们呈现出符合电影角色的个性和样貌。
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OG passage4/TPO2-3: Early Cinema
TPO12-2: Transition to Sound in Film
相关背景学习
The history of film began in the 1890s, when motion picture cameras were invented and film production companies started to be established. Because of the limits of technology, films of the 1890s were under a minute long and until 1927 motion pictures were produced without sound. The first decade of motion picture saw film moving from a novelty to an established large-scale entertainment industry. The films became several minutes long consisting of several shots. The first rotating camera for taking panning shots was built in 1898. The first film studios were built in 1897. Special effects were introduced and film continuity, involving action moving from one sequence into another, began to be used. In the 1900s, continuity of action across successive shots was achieved and the first close-up shot was introduced (that some claim D. W. Griffith invented). Most films of this period were what came to be called "chase films". The first use of animation in movies was in 1899. The first feature length multi-reel film was a 1906 Australian production. The first successful permanent theatre showing only films was "The Nickelodeon" in Pittsburgh in 1905. By 1910, actors began to receive screen credit for their roles, and the way to the creation of film stars was opened. Regular newsreels were exhibited from 1910 and soon became a popular way for finding out the news. Overall, from about 1910, American films had the largest share of the market in Australia and in all European countries except France.
2016年11月26日下午托福阅读真题第三篇：二战后的经济发展(考过的老题2016年1月24日)经济类
原文回顾：二战后经济发展堪称奇迹，西德，日本，意大利还有中欧发展都很快。就算是美国，加拿大等受战争影响较大的国家，都能够发展的超过之前任意的时候。。有了足够的资金，。因此经济也开始缓慢发展。很多钱用来发展设备和科技，人力也是一个问题。政府的支持，私有化受到了支持。政府维持整个经济的稳定性，使得开支最少。当时国有化经济只有1/4-1/6.尽管这些国有化经济发展迅速，但是相对私有化经济发展速度还不差一些。政府间开始有合作，尽管一些尝试失败了，但是相对于战前还是有进步。欧洲建立了很多大学和研究所提供大量的熟练工人可以直接操作的高科技设备，并且充分认识到人力资本的重要性。
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TPO16-1: Trade and The Ancient Middle East
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The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $12 billion (approximately $120 billion in current dollar value as of June 2016) in economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning April 8, 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, make Europe prosperous again, and prevent the spread of communism. The Marshall Plan required a lessening of interstate barriers, a dropping of many regulations, and encouraged an increase in productivity, labour union membership, as well as the adoption of modern business procedures.
The Marshall Plan aid was divided amongst the participant states roughly on a per capita basis. A larger amount was given to the major industrial powers, as the prevailing opinion was that their resuscitation was essential for general European revival. Somewhat more aid per capita was also directed towards the Allied nations, with less for those that had been part of the Axis or remained neutral. The largest recipient of Marshall Plan money was the United Kingdom (receiving about 26% of the total), followed by France (18%) and West Germany (11%). Some 18 European countries received Plan benefits. Although offered participation, the Soviet Union refused Plan benefits, and also blocked benefits to Eastern Bloc countries, such as East Germany and Poland. The United States provided similar aid programs in Asia, but they were not called "Marshall Plan".