1. Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface，the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans，in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space.
(定语后置in some ways…)
由于完全没有光，而且承受着比在地球表面大数百倍的极大压力，深海底部对人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境，在某些方面就像外层空间一样险恶和遥远。
分句1：Totally without light and subjected to intense pressures
分句2：hundreds of times greater than at the Earth’s surface
分句3：the deep—ocean bottom is a hostile environment to humans
分句4：in some ways as forbidding and remote as the void of outer space
分句2修饰分句1结尾的短语intense pressures，
分句1是分句3的原因状语
分句3是整个长句子的主句
分句4是分句3的后置定语，修饰分句3的a hostile environment to humans
整个句子结构是：
原因状语+主句+后置定语
这是主句前后分别有状语和定语的修饰成分，但是本句其实不是复合句。句子的核心意思是深海对于人类而言是一个充满敌意的环境。
2.Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War is the country's impressive population growth.
(倒装结构Basic to any understanding…is…)
要理解二战之后20年中的加拿大，就必须了解该国惊人的人口增长。
分句1：Basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War
分句2：is
分句3：the country's impressive population growth
分句1，2，3共同构成倒装句，正常的语序应该是3，2，1，即：该句的正常语序是The country's impressive
population growth is basic to any understanding of Canada in the 20 years after the Second World War.
本句是一个简单句，只不过使用了倒装，谓语动词是is.
3.As a result，claims that eating a diet consisting entirely of
organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore.
(同位语从句claims that…)
结果，那些认为只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康的观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。
分句1： that eating a diet consisting entirely of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health
分句2：claims have become widely publicized and form the basis for folklore
分句2嵌套分句1，分句1作为分句2主语的同位语从句嵌套在分句2中。
因此本句的主句是claims have become widely
publicized and form the basis for folklore.
那些观点广为人知，并成为一些民间说法的基础。同位语从句是that eating a diet consisting entirely
of organically grown foods prevents or cures disease or provides other benefits to health：只食用绿色食品就能防治疾病或增进健康
4.There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones，that fertilized eggs are
nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs，that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the like.
(并列同位语从句reports that…，that…，that…)
关于天然维生素优于人造维生素，受精蛋比未受精蛋的营养价值更高，未经熏蒸消毒处理的谷物比经过处理的好等等报道屡见不鲜，但都没有得到证实。
分句1：There are numerous unsubstantiated reports
分句2：natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones
分句3：that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs
分句4：that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains and the
like
分句1是整个长句的主句，分句2、分句3和分句4是并列关系，共同构成分句1的同位语从句。本句的意思是有很多没有经过证实的报道，然后并列了三个未经过证实的报道的从句。
5·The desperate plight of the South has eclipsed the fact that
reconstruction had to be undertaken also in the North，though less spectacularly.
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