在阅读题中知识点总结，大家在平时还是需要多加练习的，帮助大家在考试中正确答题。
加试题一、蜜蜂
Bees Flowers provide food for bees. The bees collect tiny grains
of pollen and a sweet liquid called nectar from the blossoms they visit. They make honey from the nectar, and use both honey and pollen as food. During their food-gathering flights, bees spread pollen from one
flower to another, thus pollinating (fertilizing) the plants they visit. This enables the plants to reproduce.
The honey bee colony
A typical honey bee colony is made up of one queen, tens of thousands of workers, and a few hundred drones 雄峰.
Honey bees live in hives. The hive is a storage space, such as a hollow 空的 tree or a box, which contains a honeycomb蜂窝. The honeycomb is a mass of six-sided
compartments隔间 called cells. Worker bees build the honeycomb of wax produced by their
bodies. The wax oozes渗出 through small pores (holes) in the body and forms tiny white flakes on the outside of the abdomen. They also collect a sticky substance bee glue, from certain
kinds of trees. The body of the honey bee A bee has five eyes-three small ones that form a triangle on
top of its head, and a large compound eye on each side of its head.
Honey bees were the first insects known to be able to distinguish
colors. Bees have three kinds of color-sensitive cells in their eyes.
These visual cells are especially sensitive to blue, yellow, and
ultraviolet rays, which humans cannot see.
The sting of a worker bee is straight, with barbs (hooks) on
it. When the bee thrusts the sting into flesh, the barbs hold tight,
and the stinger 蛰针 pulls out of the bee's body.
蜜蜂的沟通模式讲小蜜蜂。分为honeybee和 worker bee。讲了 honeybee是怎麼寻找蜜源和如何告诉同伴蜜源的位置的。开头先说蜜蜂和 termite 白蚁 与很多 Species不同，他们是 social。蜜蜂是一个是由社会分工合作的动物(有题问他们有什麼共同点)， 交流因此就变得很重要(有题)。然后科学家们就开始用他们的聪明才智研究 小蜜蜂了。开始以为是 honeybee是靠 scent交流，然后某德国科学家研究发现 scout 用舞蹈来告诉工蜂蜜源的远近，远的用八字舞，近的用圆圈舞。他因此获得炸 药奖。交流的内容靠跳 8 字舞或者 circle 区别
distance，而不是食物的类别(有题)。原来 发现蜜蜂找到窝以后跳舞是指示food type，后来发现more than
that。跳舞还指示出了direction and distance。跳舞分两种一种是 nectar 花蜜 dance 另一种 pollen花粉 dance，有一道题问这个的，nectar 是跳圆圈舞，pollen是跳 8 字舞。但是一直有科学家怀疑 这个说法直到
1989年，一些科学家为了验证他的理论做了machine bees 模仿 scout，就是不去有食物处(这里有考题问机器蜜蜂和其他小蜜蜂有什麼不同) ，发现 robot使用这些动作果然可以向工蜂有效传递资讯。采蜜只是跳舞来做一些指示 。最后发现了小蜜蜂带回来的资讯和 wind 无关(这里有考题问 except 的问题，其他选项是 direction, distance 还有一个忘了) Bees Flowers provide food for bees. The bees collect tiny grains
加试题二、生物适应性
主要介绍了沙漠中的动植物是如何适应极端环境的。首先说了沙漠最大的问题
就是缺水，如何适应这种缺水环
境就是各种动植物存活的关键。然后说了植物是如何适应缺水环境的：有些是
周期性植物，只在湿度较高时才生长;常年生长的植物采取另一些办法，例如
，叶子表面产生一层蜡质，减少水分蒸发;有些叶子成了刺;有些的根系特别
发达;等等。然后，另起一段将动物是如何适应的：产生高盐度的尿液，调整
呼吸，等等。随后，还对比了在沙漠和在极地生活的同一种动物的异同。
生物学：植物的 defense system，以及科学家为证实 defense system对于 deter animal feeding on them有很大的用处。有一道题是，食草东西虽然吃他们的种子，却也帮助他们传播和繁殖。
以上是为大家整理的历年托福经典加试阅读题及其中的知识点总结，希望对大家备考有所帮助。