在
下面举两个具体的例子进行讲解。(以下的例子是提取了TPO中段落里的定位句和之前一句话。)
例1: In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard–like the shell of a nut–for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry.
Why does the author mention “a nut”, “a peach”, and “a cherry”?
To indicate that some seeds are less likely to survive than others
To point out that many angiosperms can be eaten
To provide examples of blooming plants
To illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seeds
托福阅读试题解析:
(1) 简单观察一下定位句,发现句中直接出现了like这一表示举例的逻辑词,所以提到nut,peach,cherry一定是为了说明前文提到的某种观点。
(2) 通过对定位句的句意,我们知道nut是硬外壳的例子,peach和cherry是软外壳的例子。
(3) 再结合一下上一句话,注意这里定位句中出现了指代词these,是对前文的指代,也提示我们要关注上一句话。这句话说:在被子植物中,种子是被一层外壳包裹着的。
(4) 结合两句话,分析可得作者提到nut,peach,cherry是为了说明被子植物的种子的外壳有些是硬的,有些是软的。对应的答案就是D。其中的the variety of是对硬壳和软壳的一个概括。
例2: These fossil beds provide evidence of about 32 modern animal groups, plus about 20 other animal body forms that are so different from any modern animals that they cannot be assigned to any one of the modern groups. These unassignable animals include a large swimming predator called Anomalocaris and a soft-bodied animal called Wiwaxia, which ate detritus or algae.
Why does the author mention “Anomalocans” and “Wiwaxia”?
To contrast predators with animals that eat plants such as algae
To question the effects of rapid mud slides on fossilization
To suggest that much is still unknown about animals found in the Burgess Shale
To provide examples of fossils that cannot be assigned to a modern animal group
解析:
(1) 定位句的主要意思是:这些不能分类的动物包括体型巨大的Anomalocaris和软体的Wiwaxia,这里出现了一个include,包括,提示后面提到的是具体的例子;此外Anomalocaris和Wiwaxia都是事物名称,很具体,所以也可以判断出是在举一些具体的东西来说明什么。
(2) 说明的是什么呢?通常的行文思路都是提出观点然后再举例,所以我们一般直接向前,看上一句话说了什么,与这句话能否形成举例说明的关系;并且句首的these也提示我们要向前看。
(3) 向前看后发现前一句话很长,因为我们已经通过定位句分析出举的是不能分类的两种动物,所以只需要找前一句话中和不能分类的动物相关的表述。或者通过 these向前找具体指的是哪些不能分类的动物。因此我们只需看后半部分,发现不能分类的动物是指不能分到任何一个现代族群中的动物。
(4) 结合两句话,分析可知作者提到Anomalocaris和Wiwaxia是举例说明不能分到任何现代族群中的动物。对应D项。
通过上面结合托福阅读试题和托福阅读文章段落的分析可以看出举例这种方法还是有很重要地位的,如果能提前发现这个手法那么对于大家理解托福阅读是很有帮助的。