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Although we now tend to refer tothe various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the "applied arts."
(OG—Applied arts and fine arts)
分析：
这句话的前半句，也就是让步的部分并不难，难点在后面的转折部分，it 是形式主语，真正的主语是“to think of crafts in terms of function”这一做法，而后面which引导的定语从句也正是修饰前面的“to think of crafts in terms of function”这一说法。这句话是全文的第一句，事实上坐着是在做一个背景导入，根据这句话，我们可知，下面要讲的就是“实用艺术”。
词汇短语扩展：
Refer to 查询;咨询
比如：Furthermore, the most beneficial merit of consulting experts is that we cannot merely refer to them but even discuss with them in depth.
In terms of 在某方面，以某说法
比如：When children watch these types of programs, they are more likely to become concerned about the world around them, whether in terms of environmental issues, political issues, or cultural issues.
Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits.
(OG—Applied arts and fine arts)
分析：这句话前半部分的原因状语从句并不难，难点在后面“they follow basic patterns”中的“they”到底指代什么。ETS针对这里的“they”出了一道指代题。我们由前面的原因状语从句可知是物理定律决定实用艺术品，而这里说“它们”遵循基本样式，“basic pattern”事实上与前面的“the laws of physics”对应，因此“they”指代的就是“applied-art objects”。明确这点之后，后面的“so much so that”一句就很好理解了，和前面的句子是顺承关系。
词汇扩展：
Vary：变化
比如：Lectures require an effective speakers who can vary tone, pitch, and pace of delivery.
That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze).
(OG—Applied arts and fine arts)
分析：这个句子难就难在主干不好找。其实这个句子的主干很简单，就是“that is clear”。第一个“that”后面是其引导的主语从句，“from the fact”是目的状语，后面接着第二个“that”引导的同位语从句，在这个同位语从句中又嵌套了一个“when”引导的条件状语从句。通过作者的写法我们也可以知道这个句子最重要的部分就是“compromise”。
词汇扩展：
Compromise 妥协，让步
Depending on the position that is to be filled, experience is an important qualification for which a company will have to pay a high salary, but often intangibilities such aptitude, initiative, and creativity are just as important and they might be compromised by prior experience.
根据待填补的职位不同，经验可能是重要的录取资格，公司愿意出高薪聘用有经验的人，但是另外一些看不见的品质，如天资，主动性和创造性等常常也非常重要，不过可以由之前的经验弥补。
Even though the fine arts in the twentieth century often treat materials in new ways, the basic difference in attitude of artists in relation to their materials in the fine arts and the applied arts remains relatively constant.
(OG—Applied arts and fine arts)
分析：这个句子的前半部分是“even though”引导的让步状语从句，基本没有难度，关键在于后面主句作者想表达的意图。后面的主句在主语“the basic difference”后是一个很长的定语，定语部分到“applied arts”结束。句子的表面意思是对两种艺术家的态度不一样，我们通过上文会发现作者想表达的意思是：尽管已经是20世纪，人们仍然倾向于把实用工艺品和纯工艺品分开来看。
扩展词汇：
Relatively 相对地
Although China has become an increasingly important part of international cultural, our fair country is still relatively unknown to a large portion of the North American population.
虽然中国在世界上的地位日益重要，但是还有很多北美人对我们美丽的国家不是很熟悉。