托福机经:2012年3月10日托福考试阅读真题解析

2022-06-01 02:58:12

  Reading (重复NA20100619)

  Passage 1

  【主旨】这篇文章讲的是lion的decrease。

  【内容】过去lion live on the land,他们有large domain。但是we can’t often see them,由于lion 处于the top of food chain,因为每层的energy效率低,所以lion的energy少。接着讲了在上个Pleistocene时候climate剧变,lion喜欢的grasslands逐渐变成了forest, many lions were migrated to other places。这有考题:Why many lions were migrated to other places? Answer: grasslands reduce gradually and turn into forest. 然后讲了南亚lion神秘 decrease reasons。这有 two reasons:(1) lion and megafauna争抢食物,致使lion decrease;(2) the reason of climate。这有考题:Choose two reasons of the lion mysteriously decrease?Answer: climate and megafauna. 最后说了people 的影响,people cut down trees and shoot on sight。这有考题:Except people,lion decrease 还和什么有关系?Answer:natural。有一个例子讲在India area 原来有lion,因为shoot on sight,快灭绝了才有low保护,现在又增加了。

  Passage 2

  【主旨】The origin of the modern science

  【内容】首段提到了Galileo和Newton,不过并没有expatiate。

  第二段讲的是The origin of the modern science是中世纪。由社会supported的大学里面train三种人:lawyer、doctor和clergy,后来多了个scientist。他们discuss的object是这个世界中的abstraction,而最早的science在那时候就是被称为natural philosophy,成为了后来科学的basis。(这里有个同义转换题)后来the Renaissance对science的产生也有影响,那时候古代Greek的著作被recover了,于是一群人study,然后试图solve不同源头的controversy,然后中世纪落后的math得到develop。

  第三段讲navigation的要求,因为那个时候maritime trade需要确定route location,于是government 和rich就出资funded research,One English people在 London建立了最早的university,里面有让professor teach science,这是第一次scientist或者professor获得social statues。这有插句题,Scientist should study application research 就像搞astronomy的要teach navigation一样。

  最后一段说navigation的scientific technology对其他很多的research比如说thermometer、barometer、telescope提供了发展的basis。这里有个词汇题discipline我选punish。

  Passage 3

  【主旨】Navajo的sand painting和textile。

  【内容】Navajo的sand painting很有history,sand painting和一种ritual有关,代表了World peace。Navajo认为the World has from good to ugly。于是用这种ritual来净化世界,让它turn better and better。所以有时候人ill也会用这种sand painting的方法来cure。这有考题:Why using sand painting? Answer:people use it to cure。Man paint the painting,另外画paint的同时有人singing,there are 24 kinds of singings,500 kinds of paints,由于singing很难记,painting可以提示how to sing。这有考题:What the painting can do in this place?Answer:Painting can prompt how to sing。还有singing都是和以前一样的,不会innovation,而painting也一直imitate以前的,content和某部落hero有关系,来到陌生环境时Navajo人就会进行这种ritual,让这个陌生的环境turn more better and better。

  Women都是textile能手,顺着古老的神话中spider women创造世界时的理念,按照世界变化的方式textile,所以很creative。从中也看出她们是坚持这种古老的文化的,但是和stability没什么关系,主要是beauty。

  2012年3月10号词汇题:

  Rational--sensible

  Ancestor--forefather

  Faithful--loyal

  Rudiment--basis

  Discipline--punish

  Stipulate--require

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