第一篇：动物迁徙
版本1：
第一篇讲动物迁徙，根据cognitive map，举了几个例子。一种灰鲸靠海岸线，还有一种monarch butterfly，在夏季的迁徙地产卵并死去，其后代直接飞回来。还有就是靠太阳或者月亮，还讲了鸽子迁徙靠地磁。
版本2：
说鸟有不同的导航方式，然后有的鸟用sun，有的用star，用star的鸟就有不同的生物钟，因为他们不需要配合太阳的变化。还有一些鸟的体内有铁元素，他们可以用来导航。
版本3：
文章主题是动物如何在迁移中判断方向的。作者举了一个灰鲸的例子，它们会利用海岸线的形状来判断迁徙的方向。还举了帝皇蝶的例子。还有的用内在的基因程序。
词汇：
animal migration动物迁徙
cognitive map 认知地图
gene programme基因程序
monarch butterfly黑脉金斑蝶、帝王蝶
解析：
本文围绕动物在迁徙的过程中依靠什么来进行定位为主题展开论证。文章举了关于动物迁徙的例子包括鸟、蝴蝶和鲸，具体描述对应的动物是如何依靠海岸线的形状、太阳与星星等等为标志物在迁徙的过程中削断方向的。从以往的经验看，关于以动物行为为背景的文章考查的频率非常高。同学们备考的时候需要准备一些与动物行为相关的背景词汇，这样在阅读的过程中可以降低由于词汇不熟悉产生的时间浪费。TPO中，与本文在题材与结构都非常相似的文章是TPOll
相关背景:
Mexican free-tailed bats on their long aerial migration Animal migration is the relatively long-distance movement of individuals. Usually on a seasonal basis It is found in all major animal groups. Including birds. mammals. fish reptiles. amphibians. insects. and crustaceans The trigger for the migration may be local climate. local availability of food the season of the year or for mating reasons To be counted as a true migration and not just a local dispersal or irruption the movement of the animals should be an annual or seasonal occurrence. such as birds migrating south for the winter; wildebeest migrating annually for seasonal grazing; or a major habitat change as part of their life. such as young Atlantic salmon leaving the river of their birth when they have reached a few inches in size Definition Migration can take very different forms in different species and as such. there is no simple accepted definition of migration One of the most commonly used definitions. proposed by Kennedy Migratory behavior is persistent and straightened out movement effected by the animal's own locomotory exertions or by its active embarkation upon a vehicle It depends on some temporary inhibition of station keeping responses but promotes their eventual disinhibition and recurrence Migration has also been described as a term that describes the four related concepts:
l . persistent straight. movement behavior
2 . relocation of an individual on a greater scale (both spatially and temporally) than its normal daily activities
3 . seasonal 'to-and-fro' movement of a population between two areas
4 movement leading to the redistribution of individuals within a population
第二篇： obscura camera
第一段讲古代文献啥的，后来大篇讲述画家用那个画画儿。
这里面有两个单词选意思，pertinent和intricate，其他忘了。
第三篇：栖息地选择
版本1：
一个叫Sale的科学家总结总结出了栖息地的寻找和选择是因为多种cue综合形成一个应激发应，他驳斥了固有模式的说法。举了一个鱼类实验的例子，然后还提到这种说法无法解释为何一种鸟会根据日照时间来选择栖息地，最后说这种模式目前还有待研究。