托福阅读长难句分析

2022-06-07 13:15:09

  

  tpo1:At first thought it seems incredible that there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water.(011)

  语法解析:

  在这句话中,at first thought 是一个状语结构,表面状态, it seems incredible 是一个主系表结构,that后面的there can be enough space in the “solid” ground underfoot to hold all this water是一个主语从句,it是其形式主语与than后面的句子地位相同。

  语法常考点:it + 系动词+adj这种结构时,一定要关注形容词后面的成分,因为句子所要表达的核心意思往往在形容词后面加上了that的从句中。

  参考译文:

  在我们脚下坚实的土地中竟然有足够的空间储存这些水,这在一开始会让人觉得难以置信。

  tpo1:The same thing happens to this day, though on a smaller scale,wherever a sediment-laden river or stream emerges from a mountain valley onto relatively flat land,dropping its load as the current slows: the water usually spreads out fanwise, depositing the sediment in the form of a smooth,fan-shaped slope。

  语法解析:先迅速的找到本句的主语,主语就是the same thing 谓语即是happens , to this day为时间状语。之后的though on a small 是句子的插入语,起到补充说明的意思。之后的wherever引导了状语从句,Wherever的最基本意思为no matter where(无论何处),还有就是对where一词的强化,wherever在前一种情况下后面通常引导的是让步状语从句,而在后一种情况下或是地点状语从句。在上面的句子中wherever引导的是一个地点状语从句。但考生们要注意的是wherever无论起什么作用,后面的成分都带有“重要条件”的色彩。在wherever后面主语是asediment-ladenriverorstream,谓语是emerges ,from a mountain vally onto relatively flatland(介词短语作状语),dropping its load as the current slows(非谓语动词做伴随状语),冒号后面的句子是对主干部分的说明。

  参考译文:现代也有冰水沉积,尽管规模相对较小。凡是有携带泥沙的河流或者溪流从山谷流至相对平坦的地面时,砂石就随着水流速度的减慢逐渐沉淀;水流通常呈扇形扩散,它们所携带的砂石也会沉淀为光滑的扇形斜面。

  托福长难句解析(二)

  Tpo1:But note that porosity is not the same as permeability, which measures the ease with which water can flow through a material; this depends on the sizes of the individual cavities and the crevices linking them.(013)

  句子分析:本句话的重点在于由which引导的非限制性定语从句,用来解释说明permeability(渗透性),给渗透性下了定义--渗透性衡量的是水渗透物质的难易程度,它取决于与单个空隙以及连接空隙间裂缝的大小。本句话中一共有四个专业词汇,porosity,permeability,cavity,crevice,希望通过这句话考试可以对这四个专业词汇有着更深入的理解。

  参考译文:但需要注意的是,多孔性与渗透性是不同的。渗透性衡量的是水渗透物质的难易程度,它取决于与单个空隙以及连接空隙间裂缝的大小。

  Tpo1:If the pores are large, the water in them will exist as drops too heavy for surface tension to hold, and it will drain away; but if the pores are small enough, the water in them will exist as thin films, too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place; then the water will be firmly held.(014)

  句子分析:本句话相对来说比较长,由两个分号分割成个三个小句子。首句if引导了条件状语从句,第一个小句子的主语是the water,谓语是will exist,as drop too heavy for surface tension to hold(表示原因) and形成了并列结构其中的it指代the water。第二个小句子中的as thin films是介宾结构作状语,其后的too light to overcome the force of surface tension holding them in place都是为了补充说明thin film。整个句子都在介绍一个概念就是surface tension。最后一个小句子是为了说明最后的状态(稳稳地附着在空隙表明),在逻辑上具有逐层递进的关系(会把事情交代的约来越明确)。

  参考译文:如果空隙很大,其中的水会形成水滴,太重足以克服吸引它的表面张力,就会流走;但如果空隙够小,水会像薄膜一样,太轻无法克服表面张力,从而稳稳地附着在空隙表面上。

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