今天小编为帮助
scrape away 擦去，用利物刮 rule out 排除 take over 接手
provide ... with ...给……提供……
eat / wear away 腐蚀
carve out 刻出
date back to起源于;追溯到
be short for ...是 的简称
turning point 转折点
carry out 执行
pros and cons 利弊
back and forth来来回回
result in导致某个结果
apart from 除了
narrow down 缩小范围
way beyond 远远超出，远远多于
rather than 而不是
in step with 赶得上