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1. Sanitation is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes, either physical, microbiological, biological or chemical agents of disease, which include human and animal feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), etc. Hygienic means of prevention can be practiced by using simple technologies (e. g. latrines, septic tanks), or by personal hygiene practices.
ü sanitation [sAnE5teiFEn] n. 公共卫生
ü hygienic [hai5dVi:nik] adj. 卫生学的(hygiene [5haidVi:n] 卫生学)
ü microbiological [7maikrEubaiE5lCdVikEl] adj. 微生物学的
ü agent [5eidVEnt] n. 媒介
ü feces [5fi:si:z] n. 粪便
ü domestic [dE5mestik] adj. 家庭的
ü sewage [5su:idV] n. 污水
ü sullage [5sQlidV] n. (房屋、街道等排出的)污物
ü greywater [5^reiwC:tE] n. 生活污水
ü latrine [lE5tri:n] n. 公共厕所
ü septic tank [5septik] [tANk] n. 化粪池
ü personal hygiene practice [5pE:sEnl] [5haidVi:n] [5prAktEs] v. 个人卫生习惯
2. A public utility (usually just utility) is a company that maintains and provides the infrastructure for a public service. Although utilities can be privately owned or publicly owned, they often involve natural monopolies.
ü public utility [5pQblik] [ju:5tilEti] n. 公用事业
ü infrastructure [5infrE7strQktFE] n. 基础设施
ü privately owned [5praivEtli] [Eund] adj. 私有
ü publicly owned [5pQblikli] [Eund] adj. 公有
ü monopoly [mE5nCpEli] n. 垄断
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