之岩石!岩石我们都见过,但是在给大家汇总了岩石的三大类,希望能帮助到大家!
岩石(rock)一般分为三大类:
(一)火成岩(igneous rock)是指岩浆冷却后(地壳里喷出的岩浆,或者被融化的现存岩石),成形的一种岩石。
常见的火成岩有:
花岗岩 granite: a very hard grey rock, often used in building
玄武岩 basalt: a type of black rock produced by volcanoes
黑曜石 obsidian: a type of rock that looks like black glass
浮石 pumice: very light grey rock from a volcano
granite basalt obsidian pumice
托福TPO真题链接:
Dating was used to establish that half of the sandstone in the samples was formed at the same time the granite in the Appalachian Mountains was formed. TPO-1
(二)沉积岩(sedimentary rock)是在地表不太深的地方,将其他岩石的风化产物和一些火山喷发物,经过水流或冰川的搬运、沉积、成岩作用形成的岩石。
常见的沉积岩有:
煤 coal: a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock
砂石 sandstone: a type of soft yellow or red rock
石灰石 limestone: a type of rock that contains calcium
页岩 shale: a smooth soft rock which breaks easily into thin flat pieces
石膏 gypsum: a soft white substance
白云石 dolomite: a kind of sedimentary rock
coal sandstone limestone shale gypsum dolomite
托福TPO真题链接:
It was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago. TPO-1
Another difference, very important today for distinguishing between older lake beds and newer ones, is the location of the limestone formations. TPO-9
(三)变质岩(metamorphic rock)是指受到地球内部力量(温度、压力、应力的变化、化学成分等)改造而成的新型岩石。固态的岩石在地球内部的压力和温度作用下,发生物质成分的迁移和重结晶,形成新的矿物组合。
常见的变质岩有:
大理石 marble: a type of hard rock that becomes smooth when it is polished
石英石 quartzite: hard metamorphic rock consisting essentially of interlocking quartz crystals
板岩 slate: a dark grey rock that can easily be split into flat thin pieces
片麻岩 gneiss: a laminated rock similar to granite
marble quartzite slate gneiss
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