penal adj.受刑罚的，刑事的
illicit adj.违法的(unlawful, illegal) unruly adj.不守法的(disorderly)
illegitimate adj.非法的;私生的(illegal)
【例】 A special commission tried to reduce the number of illegitimate births in the country. default n.不履行责任(nonfulfilment),缺乏 v.不履行;拖欠
【例】 If they cant raise the money to pay the debt, they will have to default.
violate v.违犯，违背，侵犯(break,offend)
【例】 These findings appear to violate the laws of physics.
violation n.违犯 【例】 If you get one more traffic violation, your drivers license will be revoked. infringe v.侵犯(encroach, intrude);违反
【例】 Your book infringes on my copy right. bound adj.负有义务的 【例】 The employees are not bound to keep working at the factory after work.
compulsory adj.义务的;必修的(obligatory,
mandatory, required)
【例】 The use of seat belts is compulsory in many states; failure to wear them may result in fines. / A composition class is compulsory for all college students.
oblige vt.强迫(force)
【例】 I was obliged to finish the work by the end of this week.
obligatory adj.义务的;必须的(compulsory, necessary)
【例】 Wearing seat belts while driving is obligatory in most states. responsible adj.有责任的
domineering adj.专权的(tyrannical, dictatorial) 【例】 The domineering father made every decision in his childrens lives.
mandatory adj.命令的;强制的(obligatory, compulsory)
【例】 Many colleges have mandatory foreign language requirement.
licensed adj.被许可的(permissive) heirship n.继承权 jurisdiction n.司法权 arbitration n.调停，仲裁 【例】 The matter was sent into arbitration to avoid the costs of a court trial. fine n.罚金
【例】 The fine for overtime parking is outrageously high.
confiscate vt.没收，充公(seize)
【例】 The police confiscated the stolen goods. convict vt.判罪;证明(penalize; prove)
【例】 The defendant was convicted of murder. verdict n.判决(decision, judgment) judgment n.判决 indemnity n.赔偿 imprisonment n.监禁
invalidate vt.使作废(nullify) 【例】 The making of false statements could result in the invalidation of the contract. imprisonment n.关押 captivity n.囚禁，拘留
【例】 Zoo animals are kept in captivity. trial n.审判(hearing, inquisition)
【例】 The scandal put the president on trial. detain vt.拘留;阻止
【例】 Please do not detain me; I am in a hurry.
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