雅思词汇中名词介绍
本文主要介绍雅思考试中四大类名词:专有名词、普通名词、物质名词和抽象名词。还有就是这些名词在句中的用法。目的是为了帮烤鸭们打好坚实的基础。
首先名词主要分为专有名词、普通名词、物质名词和抽象名词四大类。
专有名词包括人名(Diana,Mrs Green),地名(Shanghai, West Lake),事物(China,June)。
普通名词包括两类,个体名词和集体名词。个体名词是指作为个体而存在的人或东西,可以指具体的人或物,如:uncle, room, dog, classroom. 而集体名词,考试要注意,有时作单数看待,有时做复数看待。一般说来,视为整体时做单数,视为整体中的成员时做复数看待。比如:community, committee, company, crew, family, government, group, public, staff, team等。
物质名词,顾名思义就是无法分为个体的东西。如:beer, brandy, cake, cheese, cloth, coal, coffee, coke, cotton, fuel, fur, glue, ice, ink. 一般说来,物质名词不可数,因而没有复数形式,但有些特殊情况:1)有些物质名词可以用作可数名词,表示“一份”、“一杯”,比如Two strong black coffees, please. 两杯浓的黑咖啡。2)有些物质名词可以作为可数名词,表示“一种”,比如It was a special tea which tasted of orange blossoms. 是一种特殊的茶,品起来有菊花的味道。3)个别物质名词可用于复数形式或有特殊意义,比如territorial waters是水域的意思。
抽象名词主要表示一些抽象概念,一般不可数,因此没有复数形式,前面也一般不加不定冠词。比如:courage, death, fear, love, luck等等。
名词在句子中充当各种成分,如下:
做主语: knowledge is power.
做表语: smoking is my only weakness. The affair remained a complete mystery.
做宾语: Did you get my fax? They agreed to fax us their proposals tomorrow.
做定语: We bought a new color TV. Would you like to go to the flower show tomorrow?
做同位语: This is our department head, Dr. Owen. You girls sit on this side.
做呼吁: Come in, Mrs. Patterson. Morning, Helen.
做状语:we’ll meet Monday. Wait a minute, I’ll call her.
做介词宾语: She majored in physics at Yale. He was devoted to pure science.
构成复合宾语: They elected James chairman. He painted the door a brighter color.
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