Word List 8 canto-chameleon
canto N. /(长诗的)分篇/division of a long poem. Dante's poetic masterpiece The Divine Comedy is divided into cantos.
canvass V. /调查;投票/determine votes, etc. After canvassing the sentiments of his constituents, the congressman was confident that he represented the majority opinion of his district. also N.
capacious ADJ. /宽敞的/spacious. In the capacious rotunda of the railroad terminal, thousands of travelers lingered while waiting for their train.
Capacity N. /能力;角色/mental or physical ability; role; ability to accommodate. Mike had the capacity to handle several jobs at once. In his capacity as president of SelecTronics he marketed an electronic dictionary with a capacity of 200,000 words.
capitulate V. /投降/surrender. The enemy was warned to capitulate or face annihilation.
caprice N. /反复无常;一时幻想;奇怪的想法/sudden, unexpected fancy; whim. On a caprice, Jack tried drag-racing, but paid the price-his father took his Chevy Caprice away from him.
capricious ADJ. /反复无常的/unpredictable; fickle. The storm was capricious: it changed course constantly. Jill was capricious, too: she changed boyfriends almost as often as she changed clothes.
caption N. /标题/title; chapter heading; text under illustration. The captions that accompany The Far Side cartoons are almost as funny as the pictures. alsoV.
captivate V. /迷住;迷惑/charm or enthrall. Bart and Lisa were captivated by their new nanny's winning manner.
carat N. /克拉;开;K/unit of weight for precious stones; measure of fineness of gold. He gave her a three-carat diamond mounted in an eighteen-carat gold band.
cardinal ADJ. /主要的/chief. If you want to increase your word power, the cardinal rule of vocabulary-building is to read.
cardiologist N. /心脏病专家/doctor specializing in the heart. When the pediatrician noticed Philip had a slight heart murmur, she referred him to a cardiologist for further tests.
careen V. /倾斜/lurch; sway from side to side. The taxicab careened wildly as it rounded the corner.
caricature N. /歪曲;漫画;讽刺画/distortion; burlesque. The caricatures he drew always emphasized a personal weakness of the people he burlesqued. alsoV.
carnage N. /残杀;大屠杀/destruction of life. The film The Killing Fields vividly depicts the carnage wreaked by Pol Pot's followers in Cambodia.
carnal ADJ. /肉体的;欲望的/fleshly. Is the public more interested in carnal pleasures than in spiritual matters? Compare the number of people who read Playboy daily to the number of those who read the Bible or Koran every day.
carnivorous ADJ. /食肉的/meat-eating. The lion's a carnivorous beast. A hunk of meat makes up his feast. A cow is not a carnivore. She likes the taste of grain, not gore.
*carping ADJ. /挑剔的，吹毛求疵/finding fault. A carping critic is a nit-picker: he loves to point out flaws. If you don't like this definition, feel free to carp.
cartographer N. /制图者，制地图的人/map-maker. Though not a professional cartographer, Tolkien was able to construct a map of his fictional world.
cascade N. /小瀑布/small waterfall. We were too tired to appreciate the beauty of the many cascades because we had to detour around them to avoid being drenched by the water cascading down.
castigate V. /严厉批评;惩罚/criticize severely; punish. When the teacher threatened that she would castigate the mischievous boys if they didn't behave, they shaped up in a hurry.
casualty N. /严重的事故;伤亡/serious or fatal accident. The number of automotive casualties on this holiday weekend was high.
cataclysm N. /巨变;剧变;灾难/upheaval; deluge. A cataclysm such as the French Revolution affects all countries. cataclysmic,ADJ.
catalyst N. /催化剂/agent which brings about a chemical change while it remains unaffected and unchanged. Many chemical reactions cannot take place without the presence of a catalyst.
catapult N. /弹弓;弹射器/slingshot; a hurling machine. Airplanes are sometimes launched from battleships by catapults. alsoV.
cataract N. /大瀑布;白内障/great waterfall; eye abnormality. She gazed with awe at the mighty cataract known as Niagara Falls.
catastrophe N. /灾难/calamity; disaster. The 1906 San Francisco earthquake was a catastrophe that destroyed most of the city. A similar earthquake striking today could have even more catastrophic results.
catcall N. /嘘声/shout of disapproval; boo. Every major league pitcher has off days during which he must learn to ignore the catcalls and angry hisses from the crowd.
catechism N. /教义问答手册;FAQ,Q&A/book for religious instruction; instruction by question and answer. He taught by engaging his pupils in a catechism until they gave him the correct answer.
categorical ADJ. /无条件;直截了当/without exceptions; unqualified; absolute. Though the captain claimed he was never, never sick at sea, he finally had to qualify his categorical denial: he was "hardly ever" sick at sea.
cater to V. /迎合/supply something desired (whether good or bad). The chef was happy to cater to the tastes of his highly sophisticated clientele. Critics condemned the movie industry for catering to the public's ever-increasing appetite for violence.
catharsis N. /导泻，通便;疏泄/purging or cleansing of any passage of the body. Aristotle maintained that tragedy created a catharsis by purging the soul of base concepts.
catholic ADJ. /一般的，普遍的; sympathetic; liberal. He was extremely catholic in his taste and read everything he could find in the library.
caucus N. /核心小组会议(秘密)/private meeting of members of a party to select officers or determine policy. At the opening of Congress, the members of the Democratic Party held a caucus to elect the Majority Leader of the House and the Party Whip.
caulk V. /填;补漏/make watertight by filling in cracks. Jack had to caulk the tiles in the shower stall to stop the leak into the basement below.
causal ADJ. /因果关系的/implying a cause-and-effect relationship. The psychologist maintained there was a causal relationship between the nature of one's early childhood experiences and one's adult personality. causality, N.
caustic ADJ. /腐蚀;挖苦/burning; sarcastically biting. The critic's caustic remarks angered the hapless actors who were the subjects of his sarcasm.
cavalcade N. /队伍/procession; parade. As described by Chaucer, the cavalcade of Canterbury pilgrims was a motley group.
cavalier ADJ. /随便;傲慢/offhand or casual; haughty. The disguised prince resented the cavalier way in which the palace guards treated him. How dared they handle a member of the royal family so unceremoniously!
cavil V. /挑剔/make frivolous objections. It's fine when you make sensible criticisms, but it really bugs me when you cavil about unimportant details. also N.
cede V. /放弃;屈服于;投降/yield (title, territory) to; surrender formally. Eventually the descendants of England's Henry II were forced to cede their French territories to the King of France.
celebrated ADJ. /名人/famous; well-known. Thanks to their race to break Roger Maris's home-run record, Sammy Sosa and Mark McGwire are two of America's most celebrated baseball players. celebrity, N.
celerity N. /速度/speed; rapidity. Hamlet resented his mother's celerity in remarrying within a month after his father's death.
celestial ADJ. /天体的/heavenly. She spoke of the celestial joys that awaited virtuous souls in the hereafter.
celibate ADJ. /未婚的，独身的/unmarried; abstaining from sexual intercourse. The perennial bachelor vowed to remain celibate. celibacy, N.
censor N. /审查/overseer of morals; person who reads to eliminate inappropriate remarks. Soldiers dislike having their mail read by a censor but understand the need for this precaution. alsoV.
censorious ADJ. /批判的/critical. Censorious people delight in casting blame.
censure V. /责怪;批评/blame; criticize. The senator was censured for behavior inappropriate to a member of Congress. also N.
centigrade ADJ. /华氏/measure of temperature used widely in Europe. On the centigrade thermometer, the freezing point of water is zero degrees.
centrifugal ADJ. /离心;放射/radiating; departing from the center. Many automatic drying machines remove excess moisture from clothing by centrifugal force.
centripetal ADJ. /向心/tending toward the center. Does centripetal force or the force of gravity bring orbiting bodies to the earth's surface?
centurion N. /百夫长/Roman army officer. Because he was in command of a company of one hundred soldiers, he was called a centurion.
cerebral ADJ. /脑的;智力的/pertaining to the brain or intellect. The content of philosophical works is cerebral in nature and requires much thought.
cerebration N. /思考/thought. Mathematics problems sometimes require much cerebration.
ceremonious ADJ. /隆重的/marked by formality. Ordinary dress would be inappropriate at so ceremonious an affair.
certitude N. /确实/certainty. Though there was no certitude of his getting the job, Lou thought he had a good chance of doing so.
cessation N. /停止/stoppage. The airline's employees threatened a cessation of all work if management failed to meet their demands. cease,V.
cession N. /给与;割让/yielding to another; ceding. The cession of Alaska to the United States is discussed in this chapter.
chafe V. /摩擦;擦热/warm by rubbing; make sore (by rubbing). Chilled, he chafed his hands before the fire. The collar of his school uniform chafed Tom's neck, but not as much the school's strict rules chafed his spirit. also N.
chaff N. /废物;糠;假货;开玩笑;打趣/worthless products of an endeavor. When you separate the wheat from the chaff, be sure you throw out the chaff.
chaffing ADJ. /开玩笑/bantering; joking. Sometimes Chad's flippant, chaffing remarks annoy us. Still, Chad's chaffing keeps us laughing. also N.
chagrin N. /伤自尊;委屈/vexation (caused by humiliation or injured pride); disappointment. Embarrassed by his parents' shabby, working-class appearance, Doug felt their visit to his school would bring him nothing but chagrin. Someone filled with chagrin doesn't grin: he's too mortified.
chalice N. /圣餐杯/goblet; consecrated cup. In a small room adjoining the cathedral, many ornately decorated chalices made by the most famous European goldsmiths were on display.
chameleon N. /变色龙/lizard that changes color in different situations. Like the chameleon, he assumed the political thinking of every group he met.
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