Section 2
1. The aroma of the freshly baked bread was so ------ that we were tempted to buy three loaves.
A. enticing
B. unruly
C. convenient
D. fabricated
E. generic
解析：
so/such A that/as to B 的结构中A与B为同义关系或感情态度一致，所以从tempted“(被)吸引，诱惑”，可看出空格为对aroma的正向评价，因此答案为A选项 enticing “吸引人的”。
词汇扩充：
吸引，使…着迷：allure, appeal, spellbind, captivate, enchant, bewilder, entrance, enthrall
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2. Muddy Waters ------ a generation of musical ------: they imitated his innovative playing style and eventually solidified his reputation as a blues pioneer.
A. emulated .. followers
B. chastised .. contenders
C. resisted .. paragons
D. fostered .. critics
E. inspired .. disciples
解析：
首先要了解冒号后的they指代的是第二空的复数名词，his指的是Muddy Waters这个人，所以从 imitated “模仿” 可看出第二空可以在followers“追随者” 和 disciples “信徒” 中选择，再从最后的pioneer“先锋” 可看出第一空是一个起 “促进，鼓励，支持”作用的动词，可在fostered“促进”和inspire“鼓励”中选择。所以最后选择E选项。
词汇扩充：
祖先，先锋，先驱：ancestor, antecedent, forerunner, forebear, harbinger, precursor, predecessor, progenitor, vanguard, avant-garde
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3. In these mountains, the ------ stature of plants testifies to the inhibiting influence of ------, often buffeting, winds.
A. small .. constant
B. diminutive .. imperceptible
C. typical .. moderate
D. considerable .. intermittent
E. giant .. destructive
解析：A testifies to B的结构中A为B的结果，所以第一空是 inhibiting influence“抑制性的影响”的结果，所以第一空只有small 和 diminutive“小的”可选，第二空是对winds的修饰且能够导致inhibiting influence， 所以只能选择A选项constant“恒定不变的”，不停地有buffeting“猛烈的”风在吹，使植物长不大。
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4. Some of the guests were positively ------, speaking disrespectfully to their host and generally exhibiting deplorable manners.
A. bemused
B. cursory
C. forlorn
D. incoherent
E. uncouth
解析：
空格对应disrespectfully“不敬地”和deplorable“应受责备的”，所以应填一个表示行为举止方面的负向评价，因此选E选项uncouth“粗鲁的”。
词汇扩充：
粗鲁的，无礼的：boorish, churlish, impudent, insolent, rude
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5. The economist had a reputation as ------; his colleagues liked to tease him that he ------ recessions because he looked for trouble.
A. a maverick .. expected
B. an ogre .. disregarded
C. an alarmist .. foresaw
D. an indigent .. downplayed
E. a scholar .. enjoyed
解析：
第二空是这题的突破口，空格前的he指的是economist“经济学家”，空格后的recession一般表示“后退，退化”，而根据本题的语言环境表示“(经济)衰退，不景气”，对应because后的trouble，所以第二空对应look for“期待，指望”，只能在expected和foresaw中选择。再根据后半句中的tease“取笑”可以看出同事对他持嘲笑态度，第一空应该填一个值得嘲笑并且自找麻烦的人，所以选择C选项alarmist“危言耸听者”。整句意思为：这个经济学家被认为总是危言耸听;他的同事经常取笑他，说他预测经济会衰退是因为他总盼着出点乱子。
词汇扩充：
危言耸听的，骇人听闻的：sensational, lurid
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6. Initially ------ by some shortsighted members of the scientific community, Barbara McClintock was ultimately ------ when she received a Nobel Prize in 1983 for her groundbreaking research in genetics.
A. repudiated .. abjured
B. immortalized .. exonerated
C. rebuffed .. vindicated
D. derided .. ostracized
E. eulogized .. substantiated
解析：
第一空为shortsighted members(目光短浅者)对Barbara McClintock作的动作，应为负向动作，所以可在repudiated“否认”、rebuffed“拒绝”和 derided“嘲笑”中选择。根据received a Nobel Prize可判断第二空为正向动作，所以选C选项的vindicated“证明…正确”。
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7. the city councilwoman was devoted to ------ principles, for she believed that all her constituents deserved equal rights and privileges.
A. sectarian
B. egalitarian
C. authoritarian
D. diplomatic
E. bureaucratic
解析：
空格对应……deserved equal rights and privileges“……应得同等权利与特权”，所以选C选项egalitarian“平等主义者”。
8. Both of the twins tended toward ------, and these attention-seeking emotional displays had won neither of them many friends.
A. punctiliousness
B. stridency
C. seditiousness
D. histrionics
E. sagacity
解析：
these后的attention-seeking emotional displays“故意引人注意的情绪化行为”(哗众取宠)对应空格处，所以选D选项histrionic“夸张的，做作的”。
词汇扩充
夸张的，戏剧化的，不自然的：exaggerated, dramatic, theatrical，affected, artificial, mannered
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Section 5
1. Janet's ------ was evident to everyone in the room because she glanced around at them ------.
A. guilt .. confidently
B. anxiety .. calmly
C. conviction .. uneasily
D. hopefulness .. gloomily
E. suspicion .. distrustfully
解析：
两空都是在修饰Janet的行为特征，中间由because连接因果关系，所以两空同义，选E选项suspicion“怀疑”distrustfully“不信任地”。
词汇扩充：
怀疑的，不轻信的：skeptical, suspicious, incredulous
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2. Early twentieth-century writers Ernst Hemingway and Edna St. Vincent Millay owed much of their public visibility to self-promotion: both were adept at ------ their own literary works.
A. marketing
B. modernizing
C. duplicating
D. finalizing
E. editing
解析：
空格对应冒号前的self-promotion“自我推销”，所以选择A选项marketing“营销”。
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3. Chemistry professor Mande Holford learned about the National Science Foundation fellowship program in ------ way: she happened across an advertisement for it in a magazine she read during jury duty.
A. an orthodox
B. an anachronistic
C. a fortuitous
D. a dilatory
E. a nefarious
解析：
空格对应冒号后的描述，通过happen“碰巧发生”可以判断空格填C选项fortuitous“偶然的，意外的”。
词汇扩充：
偶然的，意外的：accidental, unintentional, haphazard, incidental, serendipity (n.)
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4. Many today would consider Phillis Wheatley to have been remarkably ------ : by age 12 she was studying Latin, and soon after, she was translating Ovid into English.
A. taciturn
B. rambunctious
C. garrulous
D. precocious
E. winsome
解析：
空格对应冒号后的描述---12岁学拉丁语并翻译Ovid， 所以选D选项precocious“早熟的”。注意，premature经常被误认为是“早熟的”意思，而实际上表示“不成熟的，草率的”。
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5. The philosopher claimed that we humans are essentially ------, given to dissembling in order to further our interests.
A. altruistic
B. redoubtable
C. pugnacious
D. duplicitous
E. complacent
解析：
空格对应逗号后所说的为了扩大自己的利益去dissembling“掩饰，掩盖”，所以选D选项duplicitous“欺骗性的，两面三刀的”。
词汇扩充：
欺骗性的：deceptive, fraudulent, mendacious
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Section 8
1. Because of its beautiful photographs and clear text, the new book on Pueblo cliff villages will be ------ not only for specialists but for ------ readers as well.
A. accessible .. general
B. uninteresting .. scholarly
C. confusing .. critical
D. unmarketable .. casual
E. available .. trained
解析：
Because在开头表示两句间的因果关系，从逗号前的beautiful和clear可以看出第一空应该填入正向的评价，所以在accessible“易理解的”和available“可用的”中选择;由于not only for A but for B的结构中，A与B为反义关系，所以第二空为specialists“专家”的反义词，因此选择A选项的general“普通的，大众的”。
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2. Unlike most business historians, Smith is neither a defender nor an opponent of the companies she writes about; such objectivity is exceedingly ------ in this highly ------ field.
A. rare .. combative
B. common .. divisive
C. predictable .. complacent
D. surprising .. cooperative
E. typical .. cordial
解析：
通过Unlike most business historians(不像大多数企业史学家)可判断出第一空只能在rare“罕见的”和surprising“令人惊讶的”中选择;第二空描述的是这个领域的大环境特征，所以填objectivity“客观中立”的反义词，因此选择A选项的combative“好争斗的”。
词汇扩充：
好争斗的，好战的：bellicose, belligerent, contentious, militant, pugnacious
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3. A trial transcript is a ------ record of courtroom testimony, useful whenever a witness's exact words must be repeated.
A. verbatim
B. subjective
C. spurious
D. marginal
E. vigorous
解析：
空格对应逗号后的信息---需要逐字逐句地重复证词时能用的着，相当于做了逐字书面备份，选择A选项verbatim: in the exact words(逐字的)。
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4. The many factors affecting a species' abundance seldom act in ------; on the contrary, interactions between factors are commonplace.
A. haste
B. principle
C. place
D. isolation
E. miniature
解析：
通过on the contrary可以判断空格与分号后的interactions“相互作用”取反，所以选D选项isolation“孤立”。
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5. Her prose is ------ in all ways but one: it is often given to a ------ of descriptive detail that threatens to overwhelm every cogent observation.
A. minimalist .. paucity
B. immutable .. fulsomeness
C. irksome .. felicity
D. tenacious .. vacillation
E. exemplary .. superfluity
解析：
此题突破口在第二空，通过threatens“威胁到”可以看出第二空是会造成负向影响的词语，此时只能排除felicity“幸福，快乐”，再通过 overwhelm“压倒，压制”可以判断第二空只能在fulsomeness“过度，过量”和superfluity“过量，多余”中选择。这时候可以看出冒号后的信息---大量的细节描写破坏了有说服力的观察结果---是负向评价;第一空是对prose“措辞风格”的描述，考虑到in all ways but one“各方面都很……除了一件事”这种欲抑先扬的表述，使第一空与冒号后信息取反，因此为正向评价，选E选项的exemplary“模范的”。全句大意是：她的写作风格在各方面都是模范除了一点 ，那就是她那大量的细节描写掩盖了真正有说服力的东西。
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6. Derek's ------ nature worried his friends, who thought such fearlessness would one day lead him into danger.
A. callous
B. intrepid
C. circumspect
D. disingenuous
E. mercurial
解析：
空格对应逗号后的fearlessness“无所畏惧”，因此选B选项intrepid“无畏的”
词汇扩充：
勇敢的，无畏的：undaunted, dauntless, courageous, gallant, valiant