2017年4月23日小范围预测【完整版】!4月份最后一场考试即将在23日举行了，同学们备考得怎么样了呢?下面是
点击获得
OuLiPo是遵循特定规则(placing limits or strict rules)创作。举了两个作家作为例子。作家1：明确说明自己遵循的方法，比如创作中不使用元音e、元音vowel只使用e。作家2：不揭示reveal自己的方法。
其他作家对这个形式的看法：不够有创造性creativity(有题)。
最后老师发表观点，认为这些作品还是很有价值的(有题考态度)。
解析：这篇先是给出文学形式的名字，然后解释概念，再给出实际例子说明。虽然名字来自法语，拼写比较奇怪，但是文章内容、结构比较清晰。听的时候需要关注师生间的互动，本篇中有较多互动，之后都有题目考查。
L4 biology
蜘蛛的网spider web
蜘蛛丝上的水并不是露水dew，而是收集空气中的水汽collect moisture，这个在其他动物毛发上可以看到，但是人的头发上就没有。蜘蛛网是由纳米纤维nanofibre组成。给了一张图片解释了knot和puff的特点、位置，并说明了蜘蛛网收集水汽的过程(三步，多选题)。最后说虽然这个发现没有生物用途bio function，但对于干旱的地方很有价值的(有题考观点)。
解析：生物类讲座是高频出现的话题。这篇出现较多专业词汇(黑板给出)，并出现了图片。听的时候要利用这些帮助理解。另外值得注意的是文段中出现了对一个现象过程的描述，一般过程性的内容多出现在地理地质现象成因解释中。注意科学类话题实验研究后(多数在结尾处)一般教授会发表观点。
T1
【事件】
出现概率
4月23日 ★★★
5月 6 日 ★★★
5月13日 ★★★
经典题目
Teachers may make mistakes, including those experienced teachers. Describe one of the mistakes teachers may commit.
老师也会犯错误，包括有经验的老教师。描述一个教师可能承认的错误。
解析：
本题的人物限定我们相对熟悉，教师，但考察的事件比较新颖，考察教师犯过的“错误”。考生若恰巧对“错误”类话题进行过准备，可以根据自己的素材，不予限定，言之有理，论证有理有据即可。若未准备，可以从教师的职业特征和具体工作内容进行展开。这道题目的提问应该自行转化为：老师做过哪些工作你认为不太合理?
答题思路：
错误1：师生关系。①批评学生;②体罚学生;③漠视学生问题
错误2：工作疏漏。①改错学生作业;②判错学生成绩;③占用学生业余时间补课
Well, I think a common mistake that even experienced teachers tend to make is how to attract students’ attention. Perhaps a lot of teachers are really knowledgeable and prepare the classes hard enough, but they don't know how to interact and design the courses, so we may find it difficult to concentrate in class; like I remember when I was in my junior high school, my biology teacher, she was quite experienced, but she only read textbooks, like “frogs, are a kind of amphibian…” we tried so hard to focus, but it was only a matter of time before everyone got distracted. Honestly, we do want our teacher to interact and communicate more with us, to make the class both fun and academic.
【建议方法】
出现概率
4月23日 ★
5月 6 日 ★
5月13日 ★
经典题目
Which advice would you give a friend who just got a job? Explain what the suggestion is and its importance .Please include specific details.
你会给一个刚得到一份工作的朋友什么样的建议?解释这个建议是什么及它的重要性。回答请包含具体细节。
解析：
1)本文属于TOEFL口语常考的工作类话题。
2)建议写作思路：建议朋友明确未来的工作规划。重要性：清楚的规划可以提供一个明确的努力方向。 细节：为达到未来的目标需要一系列的努力。
To a friend who just got a job, I will tell him or her to clarify his or her future plan. This means he or she should exactly know that what he or she intends to obtain. For example, what position to strive for, how to work for the position, and how long will it possibly take for he or she to realize the goal. Setting an appropriate goal can provide an orientation for a person which will lead him or her to a brighter future. First of all, after estimating his or her own personality, strengths and weaknesses, one should build a scientific and objective goal for the future position. This goal, most importantly, should take full use of his or her advantages. Second, based on the clear goal, a series of steps and measures for the goal should be built, including starting from basic works, improving abilities, striving for further promotions, etc. Also, a relatively specific period to reach the goal should be clarified. Facing a limited period, he or she will motivate himself or herself more for the future plan.
本文是2017年4月23日托福考试机经小范围预测【完整版】。
T2
【生活方式】
出现概率
4月23日 ★★★
5月 6 日 ★★★
5月13日 ★★★
经典题目
Which would you prefer: doing exercise everyday or only when you are free?
哪项更被你偏好：每日坚持锻炼还是有时间了锻炼?
解析：
本题是典型的“休闲娱乐”话题，相对限定条件较少，但归定是“exercise”，因此建议不选study, reading等学习类活动，尽量和业余的体育活动联系在一起。如球类运动，室外游戏等。如考生已准备自己的素材，可以选择自己已备好的理由进行说理论证。若未准备，从健康锻炼、危险系数、活动性质去推理论证。答案不予限定，言之有理，论证有理有据即可。
答题思路：
每日锻炼：①养成良好锻炼习惯;②坚持的重要性;③塑性成功的可能性更高
有时间了锻炼：①时间相对自由好安排;②运动损伤较小;③室外空气渐渐不好了(如举例北京的雾霾，上海的酸雨等)，不适合每日锻炼
I would prefer to do exercise and go to the gym everyday, coz I am really into workout. I usually go there with my friends and jogging, swimming, dancing and weight lifting are all my favorites. Actually work out is not only a way for me to keep healthy, but also to regain my composure and strength after heavy sweating in the gym; however, the truth is I don't have sufficient time to hang around there each day, coz I am really busy, always bombarded with various examinations, papers, presentations, club activities etc; so for me, if I can go there like twice or three times a week, I am already satisfied.
内容主题：环境类话题
主要讲述森林大火对于森林的好处，包括：促进循环，光照。如果长久没有火灾，就意味着更强大的火势。
并且举出黄石公园大火的例子，失火后长出了许多新物种。
点击获得难度分析环境类话题，文章结构是分类列举的结构，框架结构清晰，但唯一麻烦的是与考生的常识略微有小出入，考生在备考期间还是需要注意素材知识的积累。
相关背景内容The Yellowstone fires of 1988 together formed the largest wildfire in the recorded history of Yellowstone National Park in the United States. Starting as many smaller individual fires, the flames quickly spread out of control with increasing winds and drought and combined into one large conflagration, which burned for several months. The fires almost destroyed two major visitor destinations and, on September 8, 1988, the entire park was closed to all non-emergency personnel for the first time in its history.[1] Only the arrival of cool and moist weather in the late autumn brought the fires to an end. A total of 793,880 acres (3,213 km2), or 36 percent of the park was affected by the wildfires.[2]
Thousands of firefighters fought the fires, assisted by dozens of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft which were used for water and fire retardant drops. At the peak of the effort, over 9,000 firefighters were assigned to the park. With fires raging throughout the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and other areas in the western United States, the staffing levels of the National Park Service and other land management agencies were inadequate for the situation; over 4,000 U.S. military personnel were soon brought in to assist in fire suppression efforts. The firefighting effort cost $120 million ($240 million as of 2014). No firefighters died while fighting Yellowstone fires, though there were two fire-related deaths outside the park.
内容主题：社会学类话题
从巴洛克和文艺复兴开始讲述欧洲城市设计的历史。
最初的城市设计是为了炫耀领地和权势，以巴黎为例子来说明更有效率。其次人性化的设计增加了绿化面积，注重效率，像机器一样的城市。
最后讲述国际化，都是水泥和玻璃，城市开始变得相似。
难度分析：社会学类话题，对比类文章结构。
独立写作
W2
热门话题
【生活方式】
出现概率
4月23日 ★★
5月 6 日 ★★
5月13日 ★★
经典题目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: One can learn about another person by the books and movies that person likes.
你同意还是不同意下面的这个观点：
我们能够从一个人喜欢的书和电影来了解一个人。
解析：
很多人认为，读什么样的书和看什么样的电影能够在一定程度上反应这个人性格特点。因为读书能够决定一个人的知识构成，看电影能够体现一个人的兴趣方向。这些话有一定道理，但是我们写作文的时候还得多想一些。
世故的中老年人(sophisticated people)，价值观已经坚硬固化，不管是走在康庄大道还是崎岖小径上，他们只会被自己的习惯带着走去做他们习以为常的事情。他们只读爱读的书，只看爱看的电影，从中试图找寻出他们自己的影子。中老年人游离于潮流之外，也看不懂流行，坚定的选择他们认为对的事。
然而在这个年青人主导的娱乐为王的时代，流行文化裹挟之下，现在的年轻人却不能够跳出潮流去独立的选择自己的所好。看上去好多的行为是我们的选择，但是决大部分年轻人的“主动选择”仔细分析下还都是“被动选择”。什么意思?年青人其实没有多少判断力，他们喜欢读的书和看的电影其实很多时候都是受环境、受身边的人影响而已。有人看郭敬明，只是因为朋友都在看郭敬明;他们看《变形金刚》，因为精明的好莱坞的导演与编剧知道年青人都愿意看大场面。大多数年青人，看上去面孔不同，实则神情相似。所以只是看他们手里棒着的书，我们无法了解这些年青人内心深处真实的想法。
这道题目就可以按照“中老年人VS年青人”这样的分类方式来讨论。我们的两个主体段的主题句可以这么写：
To be honest, we can get a lot of information of middle-aged and old people from observing what kind of books they read and what kind of movies they watch, because they always tend to follow their habits and values.
In spite of the information that we can learn from the books and movies that person likes, however, it is irrational for us to take it for granted that we can figure out characteristics of all people, particularly when we take young people into account.
本文的内容是2017年4月23日托福考试机经小范围预测【完整版】。
【教育】
出现概率
4月23日 ★★
5月 6 日 ★★
5月13日 ★★
经典题目
Many school require young children(aged 5-11)to work together in a small group instead of working alone to visit many activities. Do you think it is the best way to teach children?
很多学校要求(5—11岁)学生在一个小团队里而不是一个人参与许多活动。你认为这是教育学生最好的方法吗?
解析：
这是一道比较类的题目，这种题型我们仍然按照“分类讨论+让步转折”去写。这道题的难点其实在于它已经规定了年龄5-11，这就切断我们按“小学生vs.中学生”这样简单粗暴的分类了。但是兵来将挡，我们还是有办法的，既然是5-10岁，我们就再细分一下，第一类是5-7岁，第二类是7-10岁，这个7岁临界点其实是幼儿园和小学的分界线。
这个分类其实来自于这样一个问题：Should Children go to Preschool?对于这问题大家也是各有见地，正方观点无外乎为培养孩子在集体生活的能力，具体可以写以下几点：
In preschool,
1.Children will learn many early social skills and manners
2.Children will realize that they are not the center of the universe
3.Children will begin to learn sharing, taking turns, following directions
4.Children will gain a sense of pride in their independence
5.Children will quickly and easily learn things like letters, numbers and other cognizant learning skills.
好了，回到这道题，我们是不是可以得到一些启发呢?
所以，这道题我们就分成 5-7岁vs. 7-10岁：让步段可以在上面的5个论点里面随便挑两个写，转折段相信睿智的同学们已经想出来了吧。不错，让步段就可以围绕“独立思考能力和培养个性”来写。
让步段：Certainly, by no means can we underestimate the valid part of the statement in question especially when children aged five to seven are involved in this topic.
转折段：It is true that children should be required to work together in a small group, but applying this advice to all children is ungrounded, particularly for children aged seven to ten.
热门题型
【对比题型】
出现概率
4月23日 ★★
5月 6 日 ★★
5月13日 ★★
经典题目
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Your job has more effect on your happiness than your social life does.
你同不同意下列陈述：你的工作比你的社会生活更能影响你的幸福感。
解析：
题目解析：
1)本文属于TOEFL写作常考的生活态度类话题
2)建议写作思路：
1、陈述个人观点
2、工作给予我的的好处
3、转折，工作并不能带来全部生活中的幸福
4、观点再次重申
The good and evil are balanced by concealing our mundane thoughts of money. To be honest, for parents raising their children or say cultivate them can be a huge investment, in both long-spanning time and great deal of money. All of their painstaking is for only one purpose: let their children be happy, and in return for the money and effort they had spend. However, even in a material world of this age, we still have more than money considering a job.
The job gives us chances to perform, or show what we learned and make values at the field. Different jobs provide various types and different properties of work experience, which can be conceived equally based on interests and preferences. However, it happens that one offers more salary or wage than another, people would love to get higher paid or earn more to meet their satisfaction, therefore pursuing this type of jobs. But a money-based job can never give you chance to perform if it against your inner will, we all know that the standard payment of financial relatives are higher, but if one loves engineering instead of financing, then it can’t express himself truthfully or deeply as contradicting the will. Money is at most a disguised pathway for unwilling hearts.
Yet not many reasons supporting the idea that wealth brings good, and the fact that money-based job can be vicious as well as misleading. Jobs like drug dealer or prostitute earns a lot but totally bad and illegal that ruins from life to life. Money is no wrong at all, the truth is we are motivated or lured too much by frivolity, a desire of an extravagant life always affects us to make wrong decision, therefore we should never put the aspect of money at first place considering a job.
Think of a real reason to motivate us and make values that share inspiration, think of a real happiness to get the chance to express our heart, think that the money alone is never enough for a real good job.
以上的资料是2017年4月23日托福考试机经小范围预测【完整版】，希望给大家备考提供一些指导。
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