为了给考生们备考2017年5月13日托福考试机经小范围预测【完整版】，一起来认真分析一下吧!
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1. What is the student's attitude about speaking in front of other
students?
A. He thinks it will be fun.
B. He views it as a useful opportunity.
C. He feels nervous about it.
D. He prefers it to writing papers.
2. The student talks about a species of fungus. What fact about the
fungus interests him?
A. It acts as a food source for other fungi.
B. It grows well on wind farms.
C. It can be used as an alternative source of energy.
D. It produces chemicals that destroy toxins.
3. Why does the professor mention trees and apples?
A. To give advice on how to explain fungi and mushrooms
B. To show how the environment can affect growth rates
C. To provide an example of the effects of pesticides
D. To give an example of how a wind farm replaced a fruit farm
4. Why does the professor suggest that the student visit the
greenhouse?
A. The student might be able to conduct a research study there.
B. A mushroom species that interests the student is being grown there.
C. Mushrooms grow more quickly there than in other locations.
D. Environmentally safe growing techniques are demonstrated there.
5. Why does the student go to see the professor?
A. To get advice about how much information to include in a paper he is
writing
B. To ask for permission to change the topic of an assignment
C. To get help choosing a topic for an assignment
D. To discuss the results of research he has done for a paper he is writing
T1
【经历】
Describe a difficulty you once met. Explain how you overcame this difficulty. Please include specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
描述一个你曾经遇到过的难题。解释你怎么克服这个难题。请用包含具体原因和事例的内容来支持你的回答。
解析：
1)本题属于TOEFL口语常考的经历类话题。
2)参考回答思路：1.要描述这个难题具体是什么;2.细节信息可以进一步描述你想到那些方法和做了哪些事情，哪些步骤来解决这个难题。
T2
【学习】
Do you prefer to study in the classroom or outside the classroom. Explain why.
你更喜欢在教室还是在是室外学习。请解释原因。
解析：
1)本题属于TOEFL口语常考的学习类话题
2)建议答题思路：比如选择study in the classroom;理由一：more focus on study, and won't be distracted by environment; 理由二：limit all possible noises into the classroom, which may have a noise influence on others.
本文的内容是2017年5月13日托福考试机经小范围预测【完整版】。
类别：社会类 真题 140816CN-P1
Title：Hunting and the Setting of Inner Eurasia
Inner Eurasia refers to the large continental area extending from Russia in the west to the Pacific Ocean, and to the north of Iran, India, and most of China. The first systematic colonization of parts of Inner Eurasia occurred about 80,000 to 90,000 years ago, which is relatively late in human history compared with Africa, Europe, and southern Asia. Why was it difficult to settle? The long, cold, arid winters of this region’s steppes (grass covered plains) poised two distinctive problems for human settlers. The first was hot to keep warm. Humans may have used fire even a million years ago. Presumably their ability to scavenge animal carcasses meant that they could use skins or furs for warmth. However, there are no signs of hearths before about 200,000 years
ago.
This suggests that humans used fire opportunistically and had not yet domesticated it enough to survive the harsh winters of Ice Age InnerEurasia. The second, even trickier problem was getting food during the long winters. It was not that Inner Eurasia lacked sources of food. The problem was that the food was of the wrong kind, and it was not always available. Humans could not exploit the abundant grasses of the steppes, and most of the edible plants died off in winter. So, for long periods of each year, it was necessary to rely mainly on meat. However, hunting is a more difficult, dangerous, and unreliable way of life than gathering. Animals, unlike plants, can evade predators and may even fight back. Hunters must also cover more ground than gatherers. Setting Inner Eurasia meant overcoming these difficulties. Systematic and reliable hunting methods meant more than the development of new technologies, they also demanded new social structures. According to the formulation of archaeologist Lewis Binford, in a typical hunter/collector foodgathering strategy parties of hunters leave camps with very specific goals in mind, based on intimate knowledge of their intended prey. They may by away for days or weeks at a time and will often store their kill at specific storage sites, from which they will bring food back to a base camp when needed.
As a result, they move their base campsless often than in forager societies, but they range more widely, their movements are more carefully planned, and so are their methods ofstorage.
Thus, hunters have to plan in advance and in great detail. They need reliable information about the movements and habits of animal prey over large areas, which can be secured only by maintaining regular contacts with neighboring groups. Finally, they need reliable methods of storage because, where plant foods cannot provide a dietary safety net, planning has to be precise and detailed to ensure that there is enough to tide them over in periods of shortage. Such planning appears in the choice of hunting gear, in the selection of routes and prey, in the choice of companions and timing, in the maintenance of communications with neighbors, and in the methods of storage.
Failure at any point can be fatal for the entire group. Hunting strategies also imply greater social complexity. The regular exchange of information and
sometimes of material goods is critical not only within groups, but also between groups scattered over large distances. This increases the importance of symbolic exchanges of both goods and information, and makes it necessary to clarify group identity. Internally, groups may split for long periods as hunting parties travel over great distances. All in all, each group has to exist and survive in several distinct configurations.
For these reasons, archaeologist Clive Gamble has argued that the difficulties of setting the Eurasian heartland arose less from the technological than from the social and organizational features of human communities before 120,000 years ago. There is little or no archaeological evidence that these communities engaged in such practices as detailed planning or widespread contacts. Nor is there any physical evidence for storage, raw materials all come from within a radius of 50 kilometers— and usually less than 5 kilometers—of the sites where they were used.
Paragraph 2
The long, cold, arid winters of this region’s steppes (grass covered plains) poised two distinctive problems for human settlers. The first was hot to keep warm. Humans may have used fire even a million years ago. Presumably their ability to scavenge animal carcasses meant that they could use skins or furs for warmth. However, there are no signs of hearths before about 200,000 years
ago. This suggests that humans used fire opportunistically and had not yet domesticated it enough to survive the harsh winters of Ice Age Inner Eurasia.
本文是2017年5月13日托福考试机经小范围预测【完整版】。
【工作】【对比题型】
Do you agree or disagree the statement:Being creative rather than planning ca refully is the best solution to a problem.
你同不同意下列陈述：最好的解决问题的方法是富有创造力而不是仔细计划好?
解析：
1)本文属于TOEFL写作常考的对比题型/工作类话题
2)建议写作思路：倾向于同意富有创造力的同时认真计划
理由1：亚马逊开始线上出售书籍，节省了成本，率先占领线上图书市场。
理由2：只有创造力是不够的，精心的计划可以更好更有效率解决问题
以上的内容是2017年5月13日托福考试机经小范围预测【完整版】，希望给正在备考托福的同学们提供一些帮助。