Section1及答案解析，大家一起分析一下吧!
TPO4 listening 问题解析
注：问题中红色标记词汇为解题突破点和关键词。
Section 1
1. Why does the man need the woman’s assistance?
Click on 2 answers.
A. He does not know the publication date of some reviews he needs.
B. He does not know the location of the library’s vides collection of plays.
C. He does not know how to find out where the play is currently being performed.
D. He does not know how to determine which newspaper he should look at.
答案：AD
(原文中)Yeah, I need to find a review. It’s for my English class. We have to find reviews of the play we are reading. But they have to be from when the play was first performed, so I need to know when that was and I suppose I should start with newspaper reviews and…从第一组对话中得出 student 来咨询的直接原因有两个，一是要找一份 review，二是不知道从哪份 newspaper 开始。B，C 是无关选项。
2.What does the woman imply about critical reaction to the play Happy Strangers?
A. Negative critical reaction led to its content being revised after it premiered.
B. The play has always been quite popular among university students.
C. Reactions to the play are more positive nowadays than they were in the past.
D. The play is rarely performed nowadays because critics have never liked it.
答案：C
解析：(原文中) Well,that certainly explains why your professor wants you to read some of those old reviews. The critiques really tore the play to pieces when it opened. It’s so controversial. Nobody had ever seen anything like it on the stage. Oh, sure. Of course the critiques’ reaction made some people kind of curious about it. They wanted to see what’s causing all the fuss. 从 Women 将现在人们的态度与过去作对比可以得知，现在人们的态度已经比以前积极了很多。B 显然与事实相反，D 有些混淆，但可以看出 critics 的态度也有所改变 而且Never这个词不对，出现这种绝对词的选项通常都不是正确选项。
3.What does the woman say about her experience seeing a performance of Happy Strangers when she was younger?
Click on 2 answers.
A. It was the first play she had seen performed professionally.
B. She saw it against the wishes of her parents.
C. She was surprised at how traditional the performance was.
D. She had a variety of emotional reactions to the play.
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)But I start with 1964, so I think the play had been running for a little while when I saw it. Well, I was impressed. The actors were famous, and besides it was my first time in a real theatre. Oh, well I guess you might think that. But when I saw it back then it was anything but boring. Some parts were really funny, but I remember crying too.“it was my first time in a real theatre.”与 A 选项相对应。“funny, but I remember crying too.” 体现出她的反应是 a variety of emotional reactions 与 D 符合。
4. What is the man’s attitude toward his current assignment?
A. He is not confident that he will find the materials he needs.
B. He feels that performing in a play is less boring than reading one.
C. He thinks his review of the play will be more objective than the contemporary reviews were.
D. He is optimistic that he will learn to appreciate the play he is researching.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)That’s a good idea. I’ll have a better idea of what I really think of it before I read those reviews. 从 student 觉得自己还会有个更好的 Idea 看出他还是很 optimistic 的。从这句话就可以驳斥 A。 而 B 在 The story doesn’t progress in any sort of logical matter, doesn’t have real ending either, just stops. Honestly, you know, I thought it was kind of slow and boring. 中有提到 boring 但是并不是对比。
5. Replay: Why does the woman say this?
A. To ask the man to clarify his request.
B. To state the man’s request more precisely.
C. To make sure that she heard the man correctly.
D. To correct a mistake the man has made.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)
You want contemporary reviews. What’s the name of the play?
Student :It’s Happy Strangers. It was written in 1962 and we are supposed to write about its influence on American theatre and show why it’s been so important.从学生的回答可以看出 woman 想要 narrow down search 的范围，要具体的名称，因此是 B。她并没有改正这个男生任何问题，所以 D 错误。
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6.What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Method s of observing unusual animal behavior.
B. A theory about ways birds attract mates.
C.Ways animals behave when they have conflicting drives.
D.Criteria for classifying animal behaviors.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Ok, the next kind of animal behavior I want to talk about might be familiar to you. Displacement activities are activities that animal’s engaging in when they have conflicting drives. 一开头professor表明是要讲next kind of animal behavior I want… 而之后的一连串解释后最终得出今天要讲的 animal behavior 就是 conflicting drives。也就是 C。
7.Indicate whether each of the activities below describes a displacement activity.
Click in the correct box for each phrase.
YesNo
An animal attacks the ground instead of its enemy.
An animal falls asleep in the middle of a mating
ritual.
An animal eats some food when confronted by it
enemy.
An animal takes a drink of water after grooming
itself.
答案：N Y YN
解析：(原文中)That’s exactly what I mean. Displacement occurs because the animal?s got two conflicting drives – two competing urges, in this case, fear and hunger. And what happens is, they inhibit each other, they cancel each other out in a way, and a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a process that we call ‘Disinhibition’. Now in disinhibition, the basic idea is that two drives that seem to inhibit, to hold back, a third drive. Or, well, they’re getting in a way of each other in a… in a conflict situation and somehow lose control, lose their inhibiting effect on that third behavior, which means that the third drive surfaces, it’s expressed in the animal's behavior. Now, these displacement activities can include feeding, drinking, grooming, even sleeping. These are what we call ‘Comfort Behavior’. So why do you think displacement activities are so often comfort behaviors, such as grooming?
通常表格题的答案一定是在一大段的陈述中，做题需要将文中信息与表格选项一一对应。
8.What does the professor say about disinhibition?
A.It can prevent displacement activities from occurring.
B.It can cause animals to act on more than one drive at a time.
C.It is not useful for explaining many types of displacement activities.
D.It is responsible for the appearance of seemingly irrelevant behavior.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)And what happens is, they inhibit each other, they cancel each other out in a way, and a third seemingly irrelevant behavior surfaces through a process that we call “Disinhibition”. Now in disinhibition, the basic idea is that two drives that seem to inhibit, to hold back, a third drive. 这句话先说出了 disinhibition 的定义，之后才说这就是我们所说的 that we call “Disinhibition”，容易听漏，但是这之前的内容就是答案。显然是没有 prevent displacement activities的作用，因此 A 错误。
9.According to the lecture, what is one possible reason that displacement activities are often grooming behaviors?
A.Grooming may cause an enemy or predator to be confused.
B.Grooming is a convenient and accessible behavior.
C.Grooming often occurs before eating and drinking.
D.Grooming is a common social activity.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)I mean, grooming is like one of the most accessible things an animal can do. It’s something they do all the time, and they have the stimulus right there on the outside of their bodies in order to do the grooming, or if food is right in front of them. Basically, they don’t have to think very much about those behaviors.从 grooming is like one of the most accessible things an animal can do 中可以推断出 grooming十分 convenient，从之后的内容中可以判断出它与 food 有关而与 enemy 无关，A 错误。
10.Why does the professor mention the wood thrush?
A.To contrast its displacement activities with those of other animals species.
B.To explain that some animals display displacement activities other than grooming
C.To point out how displacement activities are influenced by the environment.
D.To five an example of an animal that does not display displacement activities.
答案：C
解析：(原文中) For example, there’s a bird, the “wood thrush”, anyway, when the “wood thrush” is in an attack-escape conflict, that is, it’s caught between the two urges to escape from or to attack an enemy, if it’s sitting on a horizontal branch, it’ll wipe its beak on its perch. If it’s sitting on a vertical branch, it’ll groom its breast feathers. The immediate environment of the bird, its immediate, um, its relationship to its immediate environment seems to play a part in which behavior will display. Professor 提到 woodtrash 的原因就是为了举例，而举例的目的就是为了证明环境会影响动物的displacement activities。这里没有把 displacement activities 与 gromming 作对比。因此 B 错误。
11.Replay: What does the professor mean when she says this?
A.She is impressed by how much the student knows about redirecting.
B.She thinks it is time to move on to the next part of this lectures.
C.The student’s answer is not an example of a displacement activity.
D.The student should suggest a different animal behavior to discuss next.
答案：B
解析：Professor说完这句话后便开始引入到这节课下一个环节，因此Professor说这句话的目的就是为了提示学生，她即将进行到这节课的下一个环节。D 错误是因为Professor不是要再继续讨论另一种 animal behavior。
12.What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A.To point out similarities n Emerson’s essays and poems.
B.To prepare the students to read an essay by Emerson.
C.To compare Emerson’s concept of universal truth to that of other authors.
D.To show the influence of early United States society on Emerson’s writing.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)All right, so let me close today’s class with some thoughts to keep in mind while you are doing tonight’s assignment. You will be reading one of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s best-known essays “Self-Reliance” and comparing it with his poems and other works. Professor说的这一整段的目的就是为学生们 doing tonight’s assignment 提供一些信息。虽然提到了 comparing it with his poems and other works.但并不是 C 选项中的 compare Emerson’s concept of universal truth to that of other authors.并没有说到其他author。
13.On what basis did Emerson criticize the people of his time?
A.They refused to recognize universal truths.
B.They did not recognize the genius of certain authors.
C.Their convictions were not well-defined.
D.They were too interested in conformity.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)So Emerson is really into each individual believing in and trusting him or herself. You’ll see that he writes about, well, first, conformity. He criticizes that people of his time for abandoning their own minds and their own wills for the sake of conformity and consistency. 从Professor的话中 Emerson 所批判的是与他同时代人的 conformity and consistency, B与事实不符 But actually, he ties that in with a sort of ‘universal truth’– something that everyone knows but doesn’t realize they know.
14.What does Emerson say about the past?
A.It should guide a person’s present actions.
B.It must be examined closely.
C.It is less important than the future.
D.It lacks both clarity and universal truth.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Not conforming also means, uh, not conforming with yourself or your past。 “Focus on the future,” he says, “That's what matters more. Inconsistency is good.” Professor说了一组 Emerson 将 past 与 future 进行的对比。根据“Focus on the future” 反推，完全体现出了他对 past的态度。因此选 C。
15.What point does the professor make when he mentions a ship’s path?
A.It is easy for people to lose sight of their true path.
B.Most people are not capable of deciding which path is best for them.
C.The path a person takes can only be seen clearly after the destination has been reached.
D.A person should establish a goal before deciding which path to take.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)He talks about a ship’s voyage and this is one of the most famous bits of the essay - how the best voyage is made up of zigzag lines. Up close, it seems a little all over the place, but from farther away, the true path shows and in the end it justifies all the turns along the way. So, don’t worry if you are not sure where you?re headed or what your long-term goals are.
Zigzag：之字形的。从 the true path shows and in the end it justifies all the turns along the way.可以看出，只有到达终点，才能更好的看清走过的路，因此 C正确。
16.What does the professor imply about himself when he recounts some life experiences he had before becoming a literature professor?
Click on 2 answers.
A. He did not consider the consequences of his decisions.
B. He did not plan to become a literature professor
C. He has always tried to act consistently
D. He has trusted in himself and his decisions.
答案：BD
解析：(原文中)So, don’t worry if you are not sure where you’re headed or what your long-term goals are. Stay true to yourself and it’ll make sense in the end. I mean, I can attest to that. My life is taking some pretty interesting turns and here I am, very happy with my experiences and where they’ve brought me. If you rely on yourself and trust your own talents, your own interest, don’t worry, your path will make sense in the end. 那么Professor以自己为例子，证明很多时候要到最后才知道自己的目标是否适合自己。他一开始从未打算过做Professor而最后他十分的 happy。因此选 BD。
17. Replay: Why does the professor say this:
A.To suggest that United States citizens have not changed much over time
B.To encourage the class to find more information about this time period.
C.To explain why Emerson’s essay has lost some relevance.
D.To provide background for the concept he is explaining.
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Remember this is 1838, ‘Self-Reliance’ was a novel idea at the time and the United States citizens were less secure about themselves as individuals and as Americans. The country as a whole was trying to define itself. Professor提及当时的时代特征就是为了给学生补充背景知识便于他们理解。因此是 D。
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