2016年5月7日
5月7日托福阅读词汇题：
diminish = decrease rudimentary=primitive
readily=quickly hasten = hurry
hence=thus prolong=extend
divert=redirect widespread = common
excessive e=too much controversy=debate
strictly aquatic habitat = only live in aquatic environment
5月7日托福阅读真题第一篇
题材划分：环境类
主要内容：地表水
大部分淡水存在冰川中，可用的地表水只有40%左右。由于人们过度用来灌溉和饲养牲畜，所以地表水愈来愈少。当refill跟不上用的速度了，地表水就开始缺乏。地表水层由沙子石头等组成，水少了以后就开始collapse，出现一些holes，这样地表水层的空间就更小了。有个400米深的水井，人们就大量使用导致周围的浅一点地方都没有水了，人们只能废弃那些地方。后来又讲了一种叫做土地盐碱化的相关灾害对海边的影响。
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相关背景资料：
Soil salinity is the salt content in the soil; the process of increasing the salt content is known as salinization. Salts occur naturally within soils and water. Salination can be caused by natural processes such as mineral weathering or by the gradual withdrawal of an ocean. It can also come about though artificial processes such as irrigation.
Causes of soil salinity
The excess accumulation of salts, typically most pronounced at the soil surface, can result in salt-affected soils. Salts may rise to the soil surface by capillary transport from a salt-laden water table and then accumulate due to evaporation. They can also become concentrated in soils due to human activity, for example the use of potassium as fertilizer, which can form sylvite, a naturally occurring salt. As soil salinity increases, salt effects can result in degradation of soils and vegetation.
Salinization as a process can result from:
-high levels of salt in water.
-landscape features that allow salts to become mobile (movement of water table).
-climatic trends that favor accumulation.
-human activities such as land clearing.
-Irrigation - salt runoff from streets (in winter if the streets are salted for snow)
第二篇
题材划分：地质类
主要内容：火星是否存在生命体
火星探索发现表面没有水，减少了有生命的可能。很久以前，一颗火星的陨石飞到了地球的极圈，因为很冷所以能基本无污染的保存下来。科学家打开来检查，发现有种长得像地球远古生物(虫?)的生物，但是其他科学家说这个结构太小了，不可能有生物的基本功能。还发现了carbon的元素，这是地球生命产生的必须物质，但又有指出说这是地球生物的必须，还是不能证明火星能有生命。
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第三篇
题材划分：生物类
主要内容：两栖类动物在沙漠的生存
讲的是一种两栖动物，一个toad—个虾，如何在沙漠缺水的环境里生存的。主要是讲他们利用很短的湿润的季节进行繁殖来维持种族的繁衍;在旱季的时候，通过各种保护行为来生存下来。toad是长期在地下，然后在合适的时候出来产卵繁衍。还说了未成年的应对，比如水快没了的一些应对。toad存活率很低，因为缺水的话toad就会长得很小，然后toad内部有弱肉强食，外部又有其他捕食者。还讲了有水的时候才能活的一种虾，这种虾也是在盆地底层一直冬眠很久，直到合适环境迅速孵化，一般是冬天，因为冬天水会比较多，在十天左右的时间，然后迅速繁衍。
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