我们都知道
Section 1
Conversation 1
1. Why can the man NOT find the book he needs?
A. The bookstore is sold out of the book.
B. The bookstore he is in does not carry the book.
C. His professor did not order enough copies of the book.
D. The book is not being used for any course offered at the university.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Clerk : no, it's not coming up. Hmm. I am not seeing it.
店员说我没看见它，它没有出现，所以就是书店根本就没有这本书。选择 B。
2. What are two possible reasons that the speakers consider for why the man cannot find the book?
Click 2 Answers
A. It is for a graduate-level course.
B. Information about the book was entered incorrectly into the computer system
C. The man has given the woman an incorrect title for the book.
D. The professor forgot to submit the book order.
答案：AB
解析：(原文中)Student : Oh, oh, you know what? Um, it's for a graduate class. Would that maybe make a difference? I mean, I am an undergrad, but I am just taking this one class in the graduate department, so...
Clerk : But, hmm... let me see... maybe it's just...it could be that whoever that entered it misspelled the title or the author's name, so I can't find it on the computer and I can't tell if it's sold out.
男生认为是不是因为他是 graduate class 的，所以书店没有，店员说也有可能是其他的店员输入错名字了，所以通过电脑找不到，选择 AB。
3. What does the woman offer to do for the student?
A. Save a copy of the book for him as soon as it comes in
B. Order more copies of the book
C. Call the computer store across the street
D. Find a store that sells the book if he cannot find it
答案：D
解析：(原文中)But if not, come back, and I'll help you find it somewhere else. I can call around to see if other bookstores might have it. OK?
店员说，你先去那家店找找，找不着的话再回来，我给你问问其他的店有没有，所以选 D。But if not是提示词。
4. How does the man react to the information the woman gives him about where computer science books are sold?
A. He is embarrassed that he did not think of it himself.
B. He suggests that the information be posted in the store.
C. He apologizes for bothering the woman.
D. He is annoyed that the woman did not tell him sooner.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Maybe they should put some up. It could have save us both some time.
店员告诉他要是有关电脑的书籍，要去另一家店买。男生不乐意了，说不卖你开始怎么不告我，浪费我这么多时间。答案选 B。
5. Why does the woman say this [You are not buying it in advance for next year or anything.]
A. To determine how urgent the student s need is
B. To figure out why the book is not listed on the computer
C. To find out what level computer science course the man is taking
D. To explain why the book might be sold out
答案：B
解析：店员问男生：你不是为了明年提前买的吧?男生回答之后店员紧接着说No, no. I don't think that's it. That shouldn't make any difference. But, hmm... let me see... maybe it's just...it could be that whoever that entered it misspelled the title or the author's name，联系后文可知店员是为了去弄清楚为什么电脑上找不到书。
Lecture 1
6. What does the professor mainly discuss?
A. Factors that affect successful crocodile communication
B. Some reasons for crocodile vocalizations
C. Ways that newborn crocodiles learn to communicate
D. Reasons why crocodile vocalization is difficult to study
答案：B
解析：(原文中)In fact, crocodiles interact with each other in a variety of ways. One way is with vocalizations, you know, sounds generated by the animal.
其实这句也很不完整，只提到了鳄鱼的发声，只听开头是无法做出这道题的，需要同学们整体把握这篇 lecture，答案选择 B。
7. According to the professor, what are two functions of the sounds made by male alligators?
Click 2 answers
A. To frighten predators
B. To attract mates
C. To locate hatchlings
D. To threaten other males
答案：BD
解析：(原文中)This sends a strong, go-away message to the other males.
(原文中)But they do reach the female alligator, who then goes to find and mate with the male.
这两句话清楚的表明了sounds的两个功能，选BD。
8. Based on the discussion, what is one reason hatchlings make vocalizations to their mother while they are in the nest?
A. To reassure her that they are safe
B. To signal that they are ready to follow her
C. To make sure she does not forget them
D. To indicate that they need to be relocated to a larger nest
答案：C
解析：(原文中)Vocalization is um...well, it is used for other reasons, like getting attention or just, um... letting others know you are distressed. Let's see, new-born crocodiles, or hatchlings and their interactions with their mothers.
说完了雄性鳄鱼，教授说 vocalization 还有其他用途，中间停顿是提示，vocalization的用处就是刚出生刚孵化的鳄鱼宝宝们怕妈妈忘了它们，叫唤两声，所以选择 C。
9. What is the professor's opinion about the television program that she mentions?
A. She is concerned about the accuracy of some of the information the experts provided.
B. She is hopeful that the class will be able to discuss it.
C. She thinks it was overly critical of some recent theories about crocodiles.
D. She is surprised that it did not include more examples of crocodile communication.
答案：A
解析：(原文中)I heard some great examples of this on the television program on crocodiles last week. Anyone catches it? It had a few interesting bits. But you know, uh, you have to be careful, think critically. Sometimes I don't know where these shows find their experts.
最后一句教授说有的时候我都不知道这些节目从哪找来的专家。所以说，教授提到的这个节目她还是比较担心信息的精确度的。答案选择A。
10. Why does the professor mention dogs?
A. To explain that mammals are more complex than reptiles
B. To point out that crocodiles can communicate with dogs
C. To give an example of mammals that care for their young
D. To emphasize that crocodiles have highly developed brains
答案：D
解析：(原文中)In that sense, they are closer to mammals' brains than other reptiles' brains. And we know that mammals, dogs for example.
比较级之后，出现了狗的举例，是为了说明前一句话，就是鳄鱼的智商还是很高的。一般举例、类比这些都是为了说明前面的问题。选D。
11. What happens when a hatchling makes a distress call?
A. Its siblings answer back.
B. The mother repeats the call.
C. The rest of its family waits near water.
D. The mother calls to other adult crocodiles for assistance
答案：A
解析：(原文中)It will make a loud distress call, which its siblings answer. It calls again. And they continue calling back and forth until they all find each other again.
原文说的很明白了，听清楚就好了，前面一点也有Another thing would be, um 这种提示。应该选 A。
Lecture 2
12. What is the lecture mainly about? Click on 2 answers
A. Differences between apical ballet and modem dance
B. Ways in which modern dance changed during the twentieth century
C. Factors that limited Isadora Duncan's opportunities to perform
D. A pioneer of a new type of performing art
答案：AD
解析：(原文中) So, now let's move on to modern dance, also known as theatrical dance. Modern dance evolved in the late nineteenth, early twentieth century, and in most cases, audiences were very receptive to this radical new type of performing art. 这个主旨题难道较大，4 选 2，而且主旨句说的并不是很清楚，根据上面的这段话只能选出来 D 选项，因为提到了 new type。两者的 difference 虽然有提示，但是还要把握全文。
13. Why does the professor mention modern art and modern music?
. To illustrate how different art forms can interact with one another
B. To identity some characteristics shared by all forms of artistic expression
C. To explain that modem dance also broke with traditions
D. To compare the attitudes of European and American critics to modern dance
答案：C
解析：(原文中)what made modern dance so radical?
前面一个大停顿，是个提示，学生问为什么 modern dance 这么突破传统呢?教授说 modern art 和 modern music的事，就是为了解释学生的这个问题。问答是考点，需要注意。答案选择C。
14. What were two characteristics of Isadora Duncan's dance performances? Click on 2 answers
A. She danced to contemporary musical compositions
B. She wore free-flowing costumes
C. She used set designs inspired by nature.
D. She danced without shoes.
答案：BD
解析：(原文中)And instead of the short steep skirts and rigid toeshoes worn by ballerinas, Duncan wore loose, flowing tunics, and she dance bare foot.
Instead of 其实跟 but 差不多，所以后半句是重点。举例有的时候会是考点的，需要大家注意，BD两个选项就能选出来了。
15. Why does the professor mention that Duncan watched Anna Pavlova practice?
A. To help explain how Duncan’s opinion of ballet was formed
B. To show how modern dance began to spread throughout the works
C. To reinforce the importance of dancers working together
D. To help explain why Duncan decided to become a professional dancer
答案：A
解析：(原文中)After seeing this, Duncan publically denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics, uh, complicated and excruciating mechanism she called it.
教授说的是这个Duncan看了Anna Pavlova的表演之后，形成了一个机制。After seeing this 是提示词，从这之后Duncan的芭蕾就形成了她的机制，所以选 A。
16. What does the professor imply about the rivalry between classical ballet and modern dance?
A. Audiences have generally been unaware of it.
B. Critics tend to exaggerate Duncan's role in it
C. It is not as strong now as it was in Duncan's lime.
D. It increased as modern dance became more popular than classical ballet
答案：C
解析：(原文中)This critic generated I think some undue rivalry between ballet and modern dance, and it would take a long time, many years in fact, for the rivalry to calm down.
听到 calm down 就可以选出来了，选 C。
17. Why does the professor say this [But her style was a clear rebellion against ballet, and ballet is extremely important in Russia.]
A. To explain why Duncan was invited to perform in Russia
B. To indicate that the Russian government strongly supported ballet
C. To explain why there were more dance critics in Russia than in most other countries
D. To help explain why Duncan’s style was not appreciated by some dance critics
答案：D
解析：前面一句说的是Duncan在俄罗斯表演，但是没有受到欢迎。然后说她的风格对芭蕾太挑战了，而芭蕾对俄罗斯很重要。所以这句话是解释前一句的，不难理解，答案选 D。
Section 2
Conversation 2
18. Why does the student go to speak with the professor?
A. To discuss material that might be on the final exam
B. To review his answers to the midterm exam
C. To get information about a class he missed
D. To find out about the services of the tutoring center
答案：A
解析：(原文中)I have a question about the final exam. I mean, will it cover everything we've done all term? Or just what we've been doing since the mid-term exam.
虽然还是要通过把握全文，但是有了 final exam 基本就可以选出来了。学生问包不包括期中内容，就是想问问该看什么材料，答案选 A。
19. What does the professor tell the student about the tutoring center? Click on 2 answers
A. It will have extended hours dying the final-exam period.
B. It is located in a building near where he works.
C. He can improve his writing skills there.
D. He can get help with geography there.
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)Well, they will be extending their hours when final exams begin. You might try then. But um... well, since you are here now, can I help you with something?
学生说我没时间去那，教授也很无奈的语气，又告诉了学生去那的好处。就是可以有 extended hours，如果学生实在没时间，既然已经来我这里了，我就给你讲吧，所以选 AD。
20. What aspect of the hydrologic cycle is the student confused about?
A. How the process of evaporation works
B. How topographical features affect precipitation
C. How water vapor in the atmosphere becomes rain
D. How lake water fits into the cycle
答案：B
解析：(原文中)OK. I guess what I am really confused about is how the topography of the land, the mountains and valleys and stuff, affects precipitation.
学生说，我确实有地方不明白，就是 topography(地质特征)，答案选B。
21. In the conversation, the professor describes the process that causes lake-effect snowstorms. Indicate whether each of the following is a step in the process.
A. Arctic air blows across a lake and picks up moisture
B. Cold air temperatures cause lake water to freeze
C. Frozen lake water cools me air above it
D. Water vapor condenses and becomes snow
E. Warm air rises when it reaches the shore
答案：YNNYY
解析：(原文中)What happens is that the cold arctic air blows across the lake from the north in winter.(A 是正确的) And as the air crosses the lake, the lower layer is warmed by the lake water, which is much warmer than the arctic air. And as this air is warmed and picks up moisture, it becomes lighter than the air above it.(C错误)
When the air gets closer to the shore, it's slowed down by the land and starts to pile up. (E 正确) So it rises even faster because it has nowhere else to go, that's where topography comes into the picture.
(原文中)And then it snows because as the air rises, it cools off and loses its capacity to hold water vapor.(D正确)
(原文中)And then it snows because as the air rises, it cools off and loses its capacity to hold water vapor. (B 是错的)
22. Why does the professor say this: [that's where topography comes into the picture]
A. To make sure the student knows he will have to be familiar with topographical features for the final exam
B. To remind the student of a diagram that she presented in class
C. To point out the severity of weather conditions near the lakeshore
D. To reinforce the connection between her example and the student s question
答案：D
解析：其实就是为了告诉学生我讲的是这个问题，大家不要听成别的了，就是告诉学生我讲的例子是干什么的，选择 D。
Lecture 3
23. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Theories about how large animals were able to survive the most recent ice age
B. Environmental changes that occur following an ice age
C. Theories about the hunting methods used by early humans in North America
D. Explanations for the disappearance of large animals in North America
答案：D
解析：(原文中)By about 10,000 B.C.E., all those giant creatures, the Metgauna of North America were gone. We don't know exactly what happened to them, but there are some theories.
听清楚开头说，我虽然不知道他们灭绝的真正原因，但是有一个理论……可知文中要讨论的是灭绝的原因。答案选D。
24. Why does the professor mention an archaeological site in Southern California?
A. To present evidence that supports the hunting theory
B. To present evidence that mammoths migrated southward to avoid cold winters
C. To point out that mammoth bones are usually found near human debris
D. To demonstrate that large animals were able to survive in a variety of habitats
答案：A
解析：(原文中)So I think it is quite likely that those thirteen mammoths in southern California also died of natural causes, and that the Clovis people simply took advantage of the situation. Um...OK. That's the hunting theory.
前面说了很多，你也许不知道她要干什么，但是这都是一个 theory 里要讲的，突然，So 她说到的时候拉的很长，给了一个提示，最后说这就是 hunting theory，说明前面的例子什么的都是为了说明这个 theory 的，所以选 A。
25. What is the professor's opinion about the Clovis people?
A. Their excessive hunting of mammoths was responsible for the extinction of these animals
B. Their lack of tools for processing meat contradicts the hunting theory.
C. They were less accomplished at hunting mammoths than the hunting theory suggests.
D. They were probably too afraid of large animals to hunt them.
答案：C
解析：(原文中)So I think it is quite likely that those thirteen mammoths in southern California also died of natural causes, and that the Clovis people simply took advantage of the situation. Um...OK. That's the hunting theory.
因为教授有个词说的很重要叫做 quiet likely，很有可能是死于自然因素。说明还有一些是不支持的部分，所以选择 C。
26. According to the climate change theory, how did the climate change at the end of the ice age make it more difficult for large animals to survive? Click on 2 answers
A. By reducing the size of their habitats
B. By forcing them to endure a wider range of temperatures
C. By reducing the variety of food available to them
D. By forcing them to live near humans
答案：BC
解析：(原文中)These extreme shifts would have put a lot of stress on the bodies of animals that were used to a more moderate range of temperatures.
(原文中)And as a result, uh, so the theory goes, the Ice Age animals that depended on plant diversity couldn't survive.
原因有两个，第一个用虚拟语气来提示，第二个用的是 as a result，都是非常重要的提示词，说的是一个是动物需要适应的温度范围扩大了，另一个是植物的多样性减少了，使一部分动物不能生存了，选择 BC。
27. What does the professor imply is one problem with the climate change theory?
A. Many large animals actually benefitted from the climate change
B. Large animals had survived previous climate changes
C. Large animals were probably already near extinction before the climate changed.
D. New evidence suggests that the climate change was not as extreme as scientists once believed
答案：B
解析：(原文中)Again, we have what at first seems like a pretty attractive theory, but then, how do you explain the fact that this has happened before? You know, global cooling followed by global warming, and there was no extinction then.
But转折之后是重点，教授的质疑就是全球变冷之后，就是全球变暖，为什么变冷的时候没有多少物种灭绝呢?所以基本上就选 B 了。
28. The professor mentions a series of computer simulations. What did the simulations suggest?
Click on 2 answers
A. The killing of only a few mammoths could lead to a significant reduction in the mammoth population.
B. Many mammoths died as the result of an extended drought.
C. Female mammoths were less able than male mammoths to adapt to climate change
D. Both hunting and climate change contributed to the extinction of the mammoths
答案：AD
解析：(原文中)One thing he found was that humans didn't necessarily have to kill these animals in great numbers in order to nudge them toward extinction.
(原文中)So it seems the mixture of hunting and climate change is a likely scenario.
两个原因都有很明显的标志词，所以一个就是不用杀死很多大型动物它们也会灭绝，另一个是环境和人为综合作用，选择 AD。
Lecture 4
29. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. Conclusions about the surface of Venus drawn from recent observations
B. The different types of volcanoes that have been found on Venus
C. Similarities between geologic processes on Venus and on other planets
D. New methods used to observe the surface of Venus
答案：A
解析：没有明显的定位句，需要把握开头和全文。基本上是教授在开头就引出了很多问题，然后说我们在过去的几年里学过这些了，但是又说，基本上是对最近的Venus的制图的总结，选择 A。
30. How were scientists able to learn new information about Venus' surface? Click on 2 answers
A. More powerful telescopes allowed astronomers to see more surface details
B. Satellites were used to get radar images of Venus' surface.
C. Space modules sent photographs after landing on Venus.
D. A space probe was able to locate gaps among Venus' clouds
答案：BC
解析：(原文中)First of all, let me talk about how we have been able to get past those clouds. First, there were Soviet modules that landed directly on the surface and sent back some images of what was around them. Second, we did some radar imaging from satellites from above.
教授先说，让我说说我们怎么穿过那些云的，第一是直接落在表面，然后传回一些图像显示有什么东西在他们的周围，第二，一些雷达从卫星上获得，所以选择 BC。
31. What differences between volcanoes on Venus and those on Earth does the professor mention?
Click on 2 answers
A. Volcanoes on Venus are mostly shield volcanoes
B. Volcanoes on Venus emit thicker lava
C. Many volcanoes on Earth are concentrated in specific zones.
D. Many volcanoes on Earth show no volcanic activity
答案：AC
解析：(原文中)But what's particularly interesting about these volcanoes is that most of the volcanoes here on Earth are not shield volcanoes. Instead, they are other volcano types, like strata volcanoes, for example, which are a result of tectonic plate movement.
这句话之前，有一个大停顿，之后来了个But，说Venus 上几乎都是这种 shield volcanoes。答案选择 A。Instead 又紧接其后，说地球可不是这样，地球上的火山都是因为地壳运动形成的。其实这里如果听懂了地壳运动就可以做题了，但是如果你不懂，就接着往下听一句，教授解释了一下，也无障碍了。C也可以选出来了。
32. Why does the professor mention the fact that Venus has no surface water?
A. To give an example of a discovery that was unexpected
B. To illustrate the consequences of intense volcanic activity
C. To question a theory about the origin of shield volcanoes
D. To suggest an explanation for why Venus does not have moving tectonic plates
答案：D
解析：(原文中)Here on Earth, moving tectonic plates are a major geological element, just crucial for the whole surface dynamic, right? So why doesn't Venus have them? Well, there are a few theories.
Venus 表面没有水是在这个问题之后说的，显然是解释这个问题用的。问答是考点，答案选择 D。
33. According to the professor, what is a possible origin of Venus' clouds?
A. Gases released as a result of volcanic activity
B. Chemical reactions caused by high surface temperatures
C. Bursts of radio energy from the plane's surface
D. Strong winds that blow dust into the atmosphere
答案：A
解析：(原文中)It's quite possible that this is due to volcanic eruptions, because volcanic eruptions often emit gases.
这题全是因果词，提示词。说这很有可能是因为火山的爆发从而释放气体，从而形成了云，选 A。
34. What is the professor’s opinion about the theory that Venus' volcanoes are active?
A. The theory has recently been proved by direct observation
B. At least two kinds of evidence support the theory
C. The data collected so far about the theory are contradictory
D. New findings have made the theory quite unlikely.
答案：B
解析：(原文中)So this too suggests ongoing volcanic activity. But although this is intriguing evidence, no one's actually observed a Venus volcano erupting yet, so we can't be positive.
教授说，这也证明了金星的火山是活跃的，但是没有直接的证据，也没人真的看到火山爆发。显然教授是对这两个 theory 持怀疑态度的，但是至少有两个证据证明，所以选 B。