在本次
2016年11月19日托福阅读真题词汇题：
sparse = thinly cease = stop
autonomy = self ruled pervasive = widespread
signify = indicate function = purpose
Contract with = reduce to disperse = scattered
2016年11月19日托福阅读真题第一篇
题材划分：考古历史类
主要内容：
B这个地方有很多很大的房子，建造大房子需要很多的原材料，这些原材料都需要从很远的地方运来。考古发现当地的土壤不是很好，考古学家们开始推测原因。一种可能是当时为了建造大量的规模较大的房子所以砍伐了大量树木，但是1980年的考古证据发现这里以前的土壤也很贫瘠，猜测原因可能是由于当时当地人们分散的耕种模式。后来考古学家又发现了一个建筑网，觉得这里是个中心，又有很多的考古物品证明，这里的房间是有宗教作用的。最后从地理发现曾经当地还有水流通过，猜测当时比较适合耕种。
类似阅读文章：TPO8-1 The Rise of Teotihuacan
TPO33-1 The First Civilization
相关背景资料：
Archaeology is the study of human activity through the recovery and analysis of material culture.Thearchaeological record consists of artifacts, architecture, biofacts or ecofacts, and cultural landscapes. Archaeology can be considered both a social science and a branch of the humanities. Archaeology is particularly important for learning about prehistoric societies, for whom there may be no written records to study. Prehistory includes over 99% of the human past, from the Paleolithic until the advent of literacy in societies across the world. Archaeology has various goals, which range from understanding culture history to reconstructing past lifeways to documenting and explaining changes in human societies through time. The discipline involves surveying, excavation and eventually analysis of data collected to learn more about the past.
2016年11月19日托福阅读真题第二篇
题材划分：历史发展类
主要内容：
欧洲中世纪发展。欧洲中世纪突飞猛进的发展主要有三个方面的原因，主要分析了三个方面的原因：1.宗教 2. 3.地理。宗教上人们开始质疑开始探索新精神新科技。地理方面由于意大利地理条件的优越，当时文化经济快速持续发展，使得其迅速变成贸易中心，贸易物品从M地运到法国。。
类似阅读文章：TPO7-2 Ancient Rome and Greece
TPO26-1 Energy and The Industrial Revolution
相关背景资料：
In the history of Europe, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the fall of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. During the High Middle Ages, which began after 1000, the population of Europe increased greatly as technological and agricultural innovations allowed trade to flourish and the Medieval Warm Period climate change allowed crop yields to increase.
Strong, royalty-based nation states rose throughout Europe in the Late Middle Ages, particularly in England,France, and the Christian kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula: Aragon, Castile, and Portugal. The long conflicts of the period strengthened royal control over their kingdoms and were extremely hard on the peasantry. Kings profited from warfare that extended royal legislation and increased the lands they directly controlled.[272]Paying for the wars required that methods of taxation become more effective and efficient, and the rate of taxation often increased.[273] The requirement to obtain the consent of taxpayers allowed representative bodies such as the English Parliament and the French Estates General to gain power and authority.
2016年11月19日托福阅读真题第三篇
题材划分：生态环境类
主要内容：
热带雨林。第一段热带雨林中的物种很丰富，但是不容易研究，由于当地复杂的气候和地理条件，因此科学家们用了热气球和猴子来研究。下面第二段讲到了热带雨林中的丰富的植物物种，讲了当地的进化过程，曾经向海眼神然后跟岛一样相对的隔绝，不会相互影响，另外有一种吃植物的东西，因此同一个物种的植物会生活在离其同种成熟植物较远的地方。第三段讲到由于植物物种丰富导致以植物为食的动物物种也很多，因为它们一年中能有各种各样的东西可以吃，特别讲到了某一种植物，其传粉需要不同的昆虫
类似阅读文章：TPO10-2 Urban Climates
TPO23-1 Variations In the Climate
相关背景资料：
Tropical rain forests occur in areas of tropical rainforest climate in which there is no dry season – all months have an average precipitation of at least 60 mm – and may also be referred to as lowland equatorial evergreen rain forest. Tropical rain forests exhibit high levels of biodiversity. Around 40% to 75% of all biotic species are indigenous to the rain forests. Rain forests are home to half of all the living animal and plant species on the planet. Two-thirds of all flowering plants can be found in rain forests. A single hectare of rain forest may contain 42,000 different species of insect, up to 807 trees of 313 species and 1,500 species of higher plants.[5] Tropical rain forests have been called the "world's largest pharmacy", because over one quarter of natural medicines have been discovered within them.[8][9] It is likely that there may be many millions of species of plants, insects andmicroorganisms still undiscovered in tropical rain forests.