2016年6月4日
6月4日托福阅读词汇题：
integrated = combined sabotage = intentionally damage hasten=sped up
alter=change nevertheless=even so
integrated=combined continuous= unceasing
systematically = methodically advocate=support
ideally=perfectly flee=run away
parallel=happen at the same time and rate
第一篇
题材划分：生物类
主要内容：
恐龙，这种长脖子恐龙，具有特别的牙齿和与众不同的消化系统。脑袋上具有一块凸起物，其实是鼻子。跟哺乳动物相比，牙齿并不发达。吃东西不注重 量多，关键在于能从中提取足够多的营养。脑袋上的凸起物作用较多，主要是制造声音，或者通过嗅觉，探测天敌，找寻食物。
相似TPO练习推荐
TPO-48 Determining Dinosaur Diet
相关背景资料：
Under phylogenetic nomenclature, dinosaurs are usually defined as the group consisting of Triceratops, Neornithes [modern birds], their most recent common ancestor (MRCA), and all descendants.It has also been suggested that Dinosauria be defined with respect to the MRCA of Megalosaurus and Iguanodon, because these were two of the three genera cited by Richard Owen when he recognized the Dinosauria.Both definitions result in the same set of animals being defined as dinosaurs: "Dinosauria = Ornithischia + Saurischia", encompassing theropods (mostly bipedal carnivores and birds), ankylosaurians (armored herbivorous quadrupeds), stegosaurians (plated herbivorous quadrupeds), ceratopsians (herbivorous quadrupeds with horns and frills), ornithopods (bipedal or quadrupedal herbivores including "duck-bills"), and sauropodomorphs (mostly large herbivorous quadrupeds with long necks and tails).
Birds are now recognized as being the sole surviving lineage of theropod dinosaurs. In traditional taxonomy, birds were considered a separate class that had evolved from dinosaurs, a distinct superorder. However, a majority of contemporary paleontologists concerned with dinosaurs reject the traditional style of classification in favor of phylogenetic taxonomy; this approach requires that, for a group to be natural, all descendants of members of the group must be included in the group as well. Birds are thus considered to be dinosaurs and dinosaurs are, therefore, not extinct. Birds are classified as belonging to the subgroup Maniraptora, which are coelurosaurs, which are theropods, which are saurischians, which are dinosaurs.
第二篇
题材划分：工业发展史
主要内容：
工业革命，对于工业革命的各种促进手段，跟欧洲的情况做对比，突出美国情况的乐观。
相似TPO练习推荐：
TPO-18 Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia
TPO-26 Energy and the Industrial Revolution
相关背景资料：
The Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, improved efficiency of water power, the increasing use of steam power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the factory system. Textiles were the dominant industry of the Industrial Revolution in terms of employment, value of output and capital invested; the textile industry was also the first to use modern production methods. The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom and most of the important technological innovations were British.
The Industrial Revolution marks a major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth. Some economists say that the major impact of the Industrial Revolution was that the standard of living for the general population began to increase consistently for the first time in history, although others have said that it did not begin to meaningfully improve until the late 19th and 20th centuries.At approximately the same time the Industrial Revolution was occurring, Britain was undergoing an agricultural revolution, which also helped to improve living standards.
第三篇
主要内容：
美国高速公路的优点和缺点分析，优势：减少碰撞，增快交通，可以运输更多的货物，而且更方便。劣势：燃料使用量增加，环境污染严重。交通系统单一化，改变了城市的结构。加大了每天通勤的距离。
相似TPO练习推荐：
TPO-33 Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States
相关背景资料：
The National Highway System (NHS) is a network of strategic highways within the United States, including the Interstate Highway System and other roads serving major airports, ports, rail or truck terminals, railway stations, pipeline terminals and other strategic transport facilities. Altogether, it constitutes the largest highway system in the world.
Individual states are encouraged to focus federal funds on improving the efficiency and safety of this network. The roads within the system were identified by the United States Department of Transportation in cooperation with the states, local officials, and metropolitan planning organizations and approved by the United States Congress in 1995.
According to the Federal Highway Administration, the 160,000-mile (260,000 km) National Highway System includes roads important to the United States' economy, defense, and mobility, from one or more of the following road networks:
l The Interstate Highway System
l The Strategic Highway Network (STRAHNET) of importance to the United States' strategic defense policy including links from major military installations and this Strategic Highway Network
l Access to 207 airports, 198 ports, 190 rail or truck terminals, 67 Amtrak railway stations, 58 pipeline terminals as well as 82 intercity bus terminals, 307 public transit stations, 37 ferry terminals and 20 multi-purpose passenger terminals
The system includes 4% of the nation's roads, but carries more than 40% of all highway traffic, 75% of heavy truck traffic, and 90% of tourist traffic. All urban areas with a population of over 50,000 and about 90% of America's population live within 5 miles (8.0 km) of the network, which is the longest in the world.