Sample answer:
The reading and listening discuss about the possible explanations regarding to the decline in the number of yellow-legged mountain frogs 40
years ago. The passage mentions three theories to explain the phenomenon. Whereas, the professor totally refutes the three presented in the passage.
Firstly, the professor rebuts the reading’s idea that a newly introduced fish, the trout, should be blamed for the decrease in frog population. The reading suggests that trout lived on the tadpoles of the frogs, so that the population of frogs was influenced. The professor claims that a conflicting timeline can help to de-emphasize the explanation. Trout was introduced 100 years ago, however, the decline of frog group happened only 40 years ago. There is no possibility that trout should be a major cause of such decline.
Secondly, the professor contradicts reading’s statement that pesticides contaminated this area, thus caused the reduce of frog population. The professor mentions that rainfalls there would wash off the area and take pesticides to a lower and farther area. However, the habitat where frogs lived was in a higher altitude than the farms with pesticides. Therefore, pesticide is still an unsatisfying explanation.
At last, the passage states that during that time, a fungal disease spread among the are, thus frogs got infection. However, the professor explains that the frogs can produce some antibodies, which can help them resist to such
infection.
写作思路：
这是一道讨论电影和电视的作用和意义的事实类题目。既然是讨论积极意义和消极意义哪一方更显著，这时候我们应该先想到电影和电视的哪些内容会对生活和行为产生怎样的影响，然后来考虑是积极的影响比较多还是消极的影响比较多。
写作指导：
Disagree：
让步，承认电视及电影节目中的部分内容会对年轻人造成消极影响，比如色情暴力内容等。当然这种消极影响可以通过内在或外在的规避机制加以引导。
当然我们更多应该看到电视和电影现阶段不可取代的积极意义。首先作为一种寓教于乐的方式，电视和电影节目中的很多内容会启发年轻人的学习热情和探索精神，使得他们对未知领域加以探索，不断扩展自己的知识和眼界。
其次，一部不朽的电视或电影作品总是闪烁着积极进取的价值观和引起人们对社会问题的广泛关注。而这些正是时下年轻人所需要的。一味放大消极意义只会让我们和这些优秀的艺术作品擦肩而过。
范文指导：
Submerged in heavy workload, frustrated by ruthless facts, or just bored with routine life, people tend to seek joviality from a virtue world with sounds and pictures. Therefore, ever since invited, movies and televisions significantly facilitate people’s way of entertainment. Unfortunately shown is the accompanied criticism about negative influences that may be aroused accordingly. Some people will then amplify such negative influences, while I cannot accept for the following reasons.
Admittedly, films or TV series do contain some contents that can lead to misbehaving of the young. Violence and pornography are two typical topics people use to be against films and television programs. As we can expect, young people, especially teenagers, will possibly be influenced by the scenes, or even worse, mimic the plots within. What support such inference are the frequently reported crimes conducted by the young, most of them watching such movies or TV shows before. However, one thing should not be overlooked here- the classification system. The United State, as an example, has a thorough sorting process before a movie is released, and the purpose is well achieved. Besides external regulation, please remember people always have self-control, which means they can tell the good from the bad by their own knowledge.
More importantly, we ought to focus on something, like an excellent way of education, that makes movies and television programs irreplaceable. Sitting in a classroom and writing down all the teacher’s words, such a traditional teaching methodology does not work for students today. Then when is it the time for students to learn something? It is when they watch a TV program, a TED talk, or a documentary movie. Rather than a passive way of taking in what is passed on to them, the young now have initiatives to choose their real interests. And never underestimate the power of interest. Now it is the interest that leads the young to explore, to research, and to create.
Also, any excellent works can reflect some valuable concepts that help young people to better understand the world. One undeniable truth of movies and television series is that all the stories and plots are originated from life experiences. Therefore, meanings behind can always make people have some introspection. Titanic, one of the blockbusters ever in the film history, describes a sorrowful yet beautiful story. When we brood on the tragic ending of Jack and Rose, we also remember the priceless meaning of love that exceeds all other lures including money and life. The concept conveyed by the movie then teaches the audience to cherish a true love that grants an individual numerous strength and courage to encounter unfortunate in daily life. Such useful lessons will accompany people’s life, while Titanic is just one of the countless masterpieces.
All in all, negative influences may not be a necessary part of the results of watching films or television, thus should not dominate people’s evaluation. If we exaggerating those negative factors, any disastrous behaviors of watching a movie may not happen, but good stories and useful knowledge will definitely escape us.
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