今天的TPO听力讲座知识是考古学( Archaeology)知识，对大家的备考非常有意义，所以我们赶快来看看吧!
TPO 1 LECTURE 3
主题： 考古学 Archaeology
Glossary
Neolithic period 新石器时代
Stone age 石器时代
obsidian 黑曜石
volcanic 火山岩
flake 剥落
hatchway 舱口，天窗
plaster 石膏;涂以灰泥
hearth 灶台
soot 煤烟，烟灰
excavation 挖掘
artifact 人工制品，手工艺品
背景知识：
Catalhoyuk
加泰土丘, 音译作卡塔胡由克或恰塔霍裕克,是安纳托利亚南部巨大的新石器时代和红铜时代的人类定居点遗址
Obsidian
黑曜石, 是一种常见的黑色中低档宝石，又名天然琉璃，是一种自然产生的琉璃。它的成因是因为火山熔岩迅速地冷却凝结，非晶质结构。因为熔岩流外围冷却的速度最快，所以黑曜石通常都是在熔岩流外围发现。黑曜石通常呈黑色，但是也可见棕色、灰色和少量的红色、蓝色甚至绿色的材料的黑曜石
内容精要：
1. 文章的主旨(main purpose )
To introduce to introduce the town building of Catalhoyuk
2. 为什么介绍加泰土丘?(Catalhoyuk)
Concentrate on this site to understand agricultural settlement
3. 在加泰土丘，人们用什么材料建造城镇?
They did with just stone, plus wood,bricks, that sort of thing. And the stone is Obsidian.
4. 城镇房屋建设特点
房屋形状：The houses are all rectangular, one storey made of sun-dried bricks.There are no spaces between houses (so
there is no streets).
房屋构造: The houses have no doors,and people enter into the house through a hatchway on the roof. There are one main
room and several small rooms for storage.
通风排烟问题：There are hearths in the main room for cooking and heating, but the smoke went out through the same hatchway that people use for going in and out.
5. 为什么房屋排列如此紧凑?
Burial custom (the graves have all found under the houses)---- they wanted to live as near as their ancestors’ graves and be buried near them themselves.
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