为了帮助同学们顺利进行2017年6月10日托福考试机经大范围预测【完整版】。
T1：
What suggestions would you give to a friend who is starting a new job. Give examples and details in your response. 你有什么建议要给你的一个正在开始新工作的朋友。请用例子和细节来解释。
题目解析：
1)本文属于TOEFL口语常考的建议方法类话题。
2)参考回答思路：1.比如建议朋友明确未来的工作规划，因为清楚的规划可以提供一个明确的……
T2:
Do you prefer to study in the classroom or outside the classroom. Explain why. 你更喜欢在教室还是在是室外学习。请解释原因。
题目解析：
1)本文属于TOEFL口语常考的学习类话题
2)建议答题思路：比如选择study in the classroom;理由一：more focus on study, and won't be distracted by environment; 理由二：limit all possible noises into the classroom, which may have a noise influence on others.
1. What is the lecture mainly about?
A. The influence of Incan culture on later Peruvian civilizations
B. The significance of archaeological findings in a region of Peru
C. The controversy surrounding a new method of archaeological research
D. The renovation of rectangular pyramids found in Peru
2. Why does the professor discuss the Aspero site in Peru?
A. To provide evidence of an ancient Peruvian culture's knowledge of irrigation techniques
B. To point out that the Aspero pyramids are different from those found at other Norte Chico sites
C. To explain a belief about Peruvian history that was later challenged D. To clarify which of the twenty residential centers in the Norte Chico region was the largest
3. What is the professor's opinion about the current archaeological classification of the Norte Chico culture?
A. The culture should be considered complex in spite of the unusual way it developed.
B. The culture seems to have followed the pattern that is typical of other major ancient civilizations.
C. The failure of the culture to produce ceramic pottery indicates a lack of advancement.
D. More evidence is needed before the culture can be classified into one of the existing categories.
4. According to the professor, what crop was NOT cultivated by the ancient inhabitants of the Norte Chico region
A. Chilies
B. Grains
C. Beans
D. Avocados
5. What does the professor imply about the significance of the khipu
that were produced by the Norte Chico culture?
A. They represent the culture's first attempts at creating fabric.
B. They confirm the importance of cotton in the regional economy.
C. They suggest that early inhabitants of the region's coastal areas used fishing nets.
D. They may constitute one of the earliest known forms of written communication.
6. What does the professor say about how the city of Caral came to an end?
A. People moved to the coast to have greater access to the ocean's resources.
B. Outside enemy forces invaded the city.
C. The city's inhabitants initiated a rebellion.
D. The city's inhabitants abandoned the city in an organized manner.
本文是2017年6月10日托福考试机经大范围预测【完整版】。
类别：考古类 真题 140323CN-P3
Title：Environmental Impact of the Anasazi
A major question in the archaeology of the southwestern region of the United States is why so many impressive settlements, and even entire regions, were abandoned in prehistoric times. Archaeologist Tim Kohler has suggested that the nature of human-environmental interaction was an important reason in the case of the Anasazi people. The actual case study that Kohler relies on is from the Dolores River basin of southwest Colorado, where the Anasazi seem to have moved in about A.D. 600. Over the following couple of centuries, the population increased, and they aggregated (or gathered) into villages, but by about A.D. 900 the area began to be abandoned. Other archaeologists have identified the immediate cause of this abandonment to be a series of short growing seasons that would have put pressure on corn production at that high an altitude. Kohler, however, assets that a growing population led to human-environmental interactions that caused people to live in villages, intensify agrarian food production, deforest the region, deplete the local soils, and ultimately abandon the area.
Kohler uses several kinds of evidence to show that human effects, not solely climatic factors, were important factors in the abandonment of settlements. One key indicator of change in the environment surrounding these prehistoric settlements is the wood that was used there. Archaeological study of wood charcoal found in hearths dating to the various episodes of occupation indicated that the species use changed in a patterned way. Over time there was a decline in the use of juniper and pinon (native, slow-growing species of trees) and an increase in woody shrubs and fast-growing cottonwood. The species of wood used in the construction of buildings also changed. Fewer pinon were being used, and those that were used seem to be from increasingly old trees, while juniper continued to be from young trees. The implication is that the forest that did remain was changing to relatively more junipers, a tree that is more fire resistant, better able to reproduce in open settings, and less desirable for construction than pinon. Kohler argues that pinon was disappearing from the locale of settlements and that this put an additional nutritional strain on the population, which used nuts from the tree as well as its wood. The relative proportion of different species of animals hunted by people in the region also changed progressively. A final source of evidence was the seeds found in the archaeological deposits, which had blown or been brought to the settlement. Astime went on, there was a substantial increase in seeds from pioneer plants, attesting both to agricultural intensification and to an increasingly disturbed local environment.
This evidence has convinced Kohler of the importance of human impact in degrading the local environment. His interpretation of the situation is that by about A.D. 840, people had aggregated into villages in favorable settings because of their competitive organizational advantages over smaller units in the face of growing population and depletion of local wild resources. Hence, the
very nature of the initial slash-and-burn agriculture encouraged a further dependence on agriculture and the aggregation of people into denser settlements. However, there are costs to aggregation, such as the increasing distance to usable fields, the heavier pressure on local soils, and the accompanying increase in agricultural risk. The Anasazi responded to this by further intensification, such as watercontrol mechanisms, to feed the increasing population. Such a trajectory is fraught with risks, but it
is also pushed forward by advantages it bestows on its participants who organize and cooperate.
Advantages might include sharing food across groups in a village, investment in facilities to improve the processing and storage of food, and cooperative labor pools and social groupings larger than villages, which would enable organized long-distance hunts and participation in trading networks. Larger and larger villages became possible, but this also made the system vulnerable to collapse. A reliance on the management of resources through cooperative action reduced their flexibility of action, so that when poor seasons occurred, people were seriously hurt. Thus an expectable aberration in the climatic regime may have been enough to cause the collapse of the village system in the Dolores area.
Paragraph 1
A major question in the archaeology of the southwestern region of the United States is why so many impressive settlements, and even entire regions, were abandoned in prehistoric times. Archaeologist Tim Kohler has suggested that the nature of human-environmental interaction was an important reason in the case of the Anasazi people. The actual case study that Kohler relies on is from the Dolores River basin of southwest Colorado, where the Anasazi seem to have moved in about A.D. 600. Over the following couple of centuries, the population increased, and they aggregated (or gathered) into villages, but by about A.D. 900 the area began to be abandoned. Other archaeologists have identified the immediate cause of this abandonment to be a series of short growing seasons that
would have put pressure on corn production at that high an altitude. Kohler, however, assets that a growing population led to human-environmental interactions that caused people to live in villages, intensify agrarian food production, deforest the region, deplete the local soils, and ultimately abandon the area.
1.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The ability to maintain a small number of friends for a long time is more important to happiness than the ability to make new friends easily. 你同不同意以下陈述?与少数朋友保持长期友谊比善于结交新朋友更容易让人幸福。
解析：
1)本文属于TOEFL写作常考的对比题型/生活方式话题
2)建议写作思路：倾向于同意这一说法。文章可以采取让步转折的思路，先承认结交新朋友也是一件幸福的事，但是维持长期友谊更幸福。
理由1：老朋友认识的时间更长，能聊的话题更多;理由2：老朋友更了解自己的性格，相处起来更轻松。"
2.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Many people spend lot of time watching sports programs on TV or following their favorite sports teams have negative effects on their lives. 你同不同意以下陈述?很多人花很多时间在电视上看体育节目或者追随他们最喜欢的体育队对他们的生活有消极影响。
题目解析：
1)本文属于TOEFL写作常考的隐藏绝对词题型/生活方式话题
2)建议写作思路：倾向于同意这一说法。文章可以采取让步转折的思路，先承认这种行为有利于减压……
以上的资料是2017年6月10日托福考试机经大范围预测【完整版】，希望对你们备考6月份托福考试有帮助。