一、阅读部分
Passage 1
小说类:第一篇依然是小说,主要讲一个母亲带着孩子去看蝴蝶,通过亲近自然培养孩子的独立性 发现孩子对自然有着自己的感知力。
Passage 2
历史类:第二篇讲了二战后不同的经济财政政策及其影响,主要提到了世界银行和货币组织 在美国和英国起到的不同作用。
Passage 3
科学类:第三篇主要内容为科学家们对于从树叶中提取金子的实验数据众说纷纭,至今仍未定论。
Passage 4
社科类:第四篇讲历史人物 林肯(提到废除奴隶制的事迹影响)
Passage 5
科学类:第五篇主要内容为冰块移动引起的地质地貌变化,比如eruption等,及对全球环境的影响。
考到的词汇题:simple sport interests ease
二、文法部分
Passage 1
online journalism reporters 在互联网环境下要具备更多的能力,比如编辑、整理、写稿还有回复读者feedback的能力,才能发挥出自己的重要价值。互联网信息发达充足,更需要reporters提高自己的采集和编辑信息的水平。
Passage 2
有一种叫做canids的母乳动物,小时候参与到一些活动当中会对自身的成长发育有利。但这些activities都不具有aggressive的特点,而且canids会适当降低自己在参与活动时的力量和攻击性,这样既可以跟同伴玩耍、参与社交、又能保证不伤害同伴。研究者还发现了他们在bite对方前会有“bow”这个姿势,还有headshaking,这在郊狼和狗的活动中也能见到。
Passage 3
【powerless persuasion】现在美国总统在大选时的dabate作用已经没有之前那么明显,文中给了一个图表,对比几年内大选的投票数增减情况。虽然投票者已经不再觉得dabate是收获票数的有利途径,但dabate对民众来说依然是informative的,还是有一定的优点。
Passage 4
目前人们对于一些modern art的接受更普遍,有一个人开设了一个类似weekly exhibition,里面囊括众多作品,招徕各地的旅游人士、艺术爱好者慕名前来观赏,推动了艺术的发展。但也有一定的问题存在,就是要给一些skeptics解释某些作品到底有什么艺术价值。
考到的词汇题 4道
1. 选一个形容词修饰skill
2. 选一个形容词修饰increase(对照图表)
3. 区分 site cite 和sight
4. 文末provocation and 后面加一个词
三、数学部分
10月份
数学部分涉及考点:
▶代数/函数:
1、与以往一样, 一元二次方程, 二元一次方程组的求解依旧占据了运算部分的较大比例, 倍数和比例(Multiples and proportion)的知识点在section 4部分压轴出现. 本次考试未涉及因数定理(The Factor Theorem), 余数定理 (The Remainder Theory).
2、5月考试没有涉及的复数(complex number)概念在本次考试中出现, 学生只需掌握复数 i 累乘的规律即可作答.
▶几何:
1、在坐标几何/解析几何方面, 有一题考察圆弧长; 关于直线方程的考察则较简单, 只需掌握基本的斜率概念和计算方法即可.
2、平面和立体几何方面, 本次考试考察了(锐角为30和60度的)直角三角形的边长计算以及相似三角形的边长计算, 尤其是相似三角形一题, 掌握congruent一词的含义是关键.
3、本次考试依旧没有考查三角函数(trigonometric function), 也未涉及立体几何(solid geometry)部分.
▶概率与统计:
1、 本次概率问题依旧考察了一题, 关于列联表(frequency chart)中的条件概率, 看清抽取的范围即可.
2、 统计学方面的题目比例本次考试有所增加(6题左右), 涉及基本统计量(mean 平均数, median 中位数, range极差)的计算, 同时考察科学抽样(sampling)的问题, 需要考生对抽样的概念有所理解.
3、本次考试依旧没有考察方差(variance)和标准差(standard deviation).
四、写作部分
试题原文
标题:Lighten up, Sir David. Our wildlife is safe
作者:By Matt Ridley Sep. 12, 2013, The Times
原文放送
1. Publicising his imminent new series about the evolution of animals, Sir David Attenborough said in an interview this week that he thought a reduction in human population during this century is impossible and “we’re lucky to be living when we are, because things are going to get worse”. People will look back in another 100 years “at a world that was less crowded, full of natural wonders, and healthier”. His is a common view and one I used to share. He longs for people to enjoy the open spaces and abundant herds of game that he has been fortunate enough to see. To that end he thinks it vital that there should be fewer of us.
2. Ever so politely, I would now passionately disagree with the two premises of his argument. It’s actually quite likely, rather than impossible, that population will be falling by the end of this century and it is also quite likely that the people alive then will have lots more wilderness to explore and wildlife to admire than today.
3. The rate at which world population grows has roughly halved from more than 2 per cent a year in the 1960s to roughly 1 per cent a year now. Even the total number of people added to the annual population has been dropping for nearly 30 years. If those declines continue, they will hit zero in about 2070 — not much more than 50 years from now. In recent decades the birth rate has fallen in every part of the world. Fertility in Bangladesh has fallen from nearly 7 children per woman in the 1960s to just over 2 today; Kenya from 8 to 4.5; Brazil 5.7 to 1.8; Iran 6.8 to 1.9; Ireland 3.9 to 2…
4. Europe, Asia and Latin America have already gone through this transition and most countries are producing babies at or below replacement rate of 2.2 per woman, at which population stabilises (without immigration). Africa, for so long written off as a special (basket) case, is following suit almost exactly. For this reason alone, I suspect the world population will stop growing and begin to shrink even earlier than 2070 and almost certainly within this century. But even if it does not, there is good reason to reassure Sir David that our great grandchildren will have more wildlife to look at than he has had.
5. An ingenious study by scientists at Rockefeller University in New York has recently calculated that even with population continuing to grow, and even with people eating more food and especially more meat, we have almost certainly already passed “peak farmland”, because of the rate at which fertilisers are improving yields. (Or we would have done if not for biofuels projects.) We will feed nine or ten billion people in 2070 from a considerably smaller acreage than we need to feed seven billion today.
6. Land sparing is already occurring on a grand scale. Forest cover is increasing in many parts of the world, from Scotland to Bangladesh. Wildlife populations are booming in Europe (deer, bears, boar, otters), in the polar regions (walrus, seals, penguins, whales) and North America (turkeys, coyotes, bison, geese) and this is happening fastest in the richest countries. According to one recent report, animal populations grew by 6 per cent in Europe, North America and Northern Asia between 1970 and 2012, while shrinking in tropical regions. There is almost a perfect correlation between the severity of conservation problems and poverty, because the richer people get, the less they try to live off the land and compete with nature — the less they seek bushmeat and charcoal from the forest.
7. Once again, Africa may spring a pleasant surprise. Over the past four decades agricultural yields in Africa hardly budged while they doubled or quadrupled in most of Asia. That is almost entirely down to a dearth of fertiliser and it is beginning to change. If African yields were to rise, the acreage devoted to farmland globally would start to fall even faster, releasing more and more land for “re-wilding”. The great herds and flocks that so delight Sir David would reassemble in more and more places. The happy conclusion is that making people better off and making nature better off are not in opposition; they go hand in hand.