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演绎题
假设题
例子4：
New Jersey has one of the lowest motor vehicle fatality rates in the country, and it is one of the few states that require extensive annual automobile safety inspections. Therefore, all states should adopt similar safety inspection procedures.
The argument above is based on which of the following assumptions?
解释：此题中Therefore表明了逻辑关系中的前因后果。此题的推理过程为：新泽西的机动车死亡率低，而同时新泽西大范围地执行了年度的机动车安全检查。因此，作者因此就把该州的机动车死亡率低归因于该州实行了机动车的安全检查。所以，正确选项应该与此推理有关。
(A) Most states tend to impose few rules and regulations on the automobile drivers operating within those states.
(B) Most states are skeptical that annual automobile safety inspections can reduce fatality rates.
(C) Annual automobile safety inspections contribute significantly to holding down New Jersey’s fatality rate.
(D) Drivers in New Jersey are more safety conscious than are drivers in other parts of the country.
(E)A smaller number of people die on the roads in New Jersey than in most other states
例子5：
The federal government expects hospitals to perform 10,000 organ transplants next year. But it is doubtful that this many donor organs will be available, since the number of fatalities resulting from car and motorcycle accidents has been dropping steadily over the past decade.
The argument above makes which of the following assumptions?
解释：此题中Since和resulting from表明了因果关系。因此此题的推理过程为：因为死于机动车事故的人数下降，因此担心没有10000个器官可供使用。所以，正确选项应该与以上的关键词(器官，机动车事故，死亡)有关。因此只能选择A。
(A) A significant number of the organs used in transplants come from people who die in car and motorcycle accidents.
(B) The number of car and motorcycle accidents will increase significantly during the next year.
(C) No more than 10,000 people will be in need of organ transplants during the next year.
(D) In the past the federal government’s estimates of the number of organ transplants needed during a given year have been very unreliable.
(E) For any given fatality resulting from a car or motorcycle accident, there is a hospital in the vicinity in need of an organ for a transplant.
加强题例子6：
Because incumbent members of ConGREss are given a GREat deal of attention by the news media and because they enjoy such perquisites as free mail privileges and generous travel allowances, incumbents enjoy an overwhelming advantage over their challengers in elections for the United States ConGREss.
Which of the following, if true, best supports the claim above?
解释：此题中Because表明了因果关系。此题的推理过程为：因为在朝官员得到了更多的媒体的关注以及享受了各种补贴，因此在朝官员比在野官员更容易赢得国会选举的胜利。所以，如要支持该推理必须要选择一个与此相关的选项。
(A) In the last conGREssional elections, incumbents met with a larger number of lobbyists than did challengers.
(B) In the last conGREssional elections, 98 percent of the incumbents in the House of Representatives who were seeking reelection won.
(C) Incumbent members of ConGREss are frequently critical of the amount of attention given to them by the news media.
(D) The support that political station action committees provide to challengers for conGREssional seats often compensates for (相当于抵消的意思)the perquisites enjoyed by incumbent members of ConGREss.此选项的问题在于削弱了在朝的优势。但是必须要选择一个使在朝官员有优势的选项。因此，此选项有削弱题的意味
(E) Of all incumbent senators surveyed before the last conGREssional elections, 78 percent said that their challengers did not pose a serious threat to their chances for reelection.
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